Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40247042›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Predicting coronary heart disease with advanced machine learning classifiers for improved cardiovascular risk assessment.

Moiz Ur Rehman, Shahid Naseem, Ateeq Ur Rehman Butt, Tariq Mahmood, Amjad Rehman Khan, Inayat Khan, Jawad Khan, Younhyun Jung

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. Predicting SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025
    Article
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  16. A systematic review of machine learning in heart disease prediction.Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Moiz Ur RehmanFaculty of Information Sciences, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Township Campus, 54770, Lahore, Pakistan.
Shahid NaseemFaculty of Information Sciences, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Township Campus, 54770, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ateeq Ur Rehman ButtDepartment of Computer Science, National Textile University, 37610, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Tariq MahmoodArtificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Amjad Rehman KhanArtificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Lab, CCIS, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Inayat KhanDepartment of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, 23200, Mardan, Pakistan.
Jawad KhanSchool of Computing, Gachon University, 13120, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. jkhanbk1@gachon.ac.kr.
Younhyun JungSchool of Computing, Gachon University, 13120, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. younhyun.jung@gachon.ac.kr.

Funding

Younhyun Jung RS-2023-00227648
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Worldwide, coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality, and its early prediction remains a critical challenge in clinical data analysis. Machine learning (ML) offers valuable diagnostic support by leveraging healthcare data to enhance decision-making and prediction accuracy. Although numerous studies have applied ML classifiers for heart disease prediction, their contributions often lack clarity in addressing key challenges. In this paper, we present a comprehensive ML framework that systematically tackles these issues. First, we employ mutual information (MI) for effective feature selection to isolate the most informative predictors. Second, we address the significant class imbalance in the dataset using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), which substantially improves model training. Third, we propose a novel hybrid model that integrates particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an artificial neural network (ANN) to optimize feature weighting and bias training. Additionally, we conduct a comparative analysis with traditional classifiers, including Logistic Regression and Random Forest, using the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey dataset. Our results demonstrate that while conventional classifiers achieve an accuracy of 95.8%, the proposed PSO-ANN model attains an enhanced accuracy of up to 97% in predicting CHD. This work clearly defines its contributions by improving feature selection, handling data imbalance, and introducing an innovative hybrid model for superior prediction performance.

Indexed as

Coronary DiseaseMachine LearningAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeural Networks, ComputerRisk AssessmentArtificial Neural NetworkCoronary Heart DiseaseHealth InformaticsHealth IssuesMachine LearningMedical ImagesMutual InformationParticle Swarm Optimization

Identifiers

PMID40247042
PMCPMC12006408

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.