Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40247025›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Finite element analysis and clinical evaluation of cross locking external fixator configuration for distal third tibia fracture.

Bing Wui Ng, Abdul Hadi Abdul Wahab, Abdul Muttalib Abdul Wahid, Nik Nur Ain Azrin Abdullah, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir, Muhammad Imam Ammarullah, Muhammad Hanif Ramlee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Bing Wui NgDepartment of Orthopaedics and Spine, Prince Court Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 50450, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-4489
Abdul Hadi Abdul WahabCenter for Multimodal Signal Processing, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Setapak, 53300, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-3233
Abdul Muttalib Abdul WahidDepartment of Orthopaedics, Hospital Segamat, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Segamat, 85000, Johor, Malaysia.
Nik Nur Ain Azrin AbdullahBone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-3826-006X
Mohammed Rafiq Abdul KadirDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Muhammad Imam AmmarullahDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Central Java, Indonesia. imamammarullah@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8845-7202
Muhammad Hanif RamleeBone Biomechanics Laboratory (BBL), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310, Johor, Malaysia. muhammad.hanif.ramlee@biomedical.utm.my.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-8379

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

External fixators have been used effectively in damage control orthopaedic and open fractures management of various bones. It is well known that stability of external fixators is greatly influenced by its construct. Various rules have been documented to influence the stiffness and stability of external fixators. In this study, two clinical cases treated with a novel concept of cross self-locking rods external fixation construct were being described, coupled with biomechanical analysis of its stability in comparison with other constructs by using finite element study. These novel self-locking rods configuration proven improve strength by applying the same numbers of rod and pin with the delta frame construct in clinical practice. A validated three-dimensional (3D) model of the bone from a previous study was used and external fixator were designed via computer-aided design (CAD) modelling software, Solidworks. A 1500 N load representing the axial load compression during weight bearing was applied to the tibia with the distal segment of the fracture site secured without any movement. The clinical results showed bone healing process with both cases achieving bone union within the acceptable time. The results of the finite element study shows that the double cross self-locking rods construct had better stability since it showed optimum magnitude in relative micromotion (0.18 mm), lowest stress at the fracture site (189 MPa), displacement of fixator (13.4 mm), and stress at the fixator (687 MPa). In conclusion, double cross self-locking design could provide optimum stability of the external fixator construct by providing better stress distribution at the bone and external fixator, minimize displacement and micromotion at fracture fragments.

Indexed as

External FixatorsFinite Element AnalysisFracture FixationTibial FracturesAdultBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedTibiaBone healingCross-locking fixatorFinite elementMicromovementTibia fracture

Identifiers

PMID40247025
PMCPMC12006471

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.