ArticleNature materials2026
Immune-compatible designs of semiconducting polymers for bioelectronics with suppressed foreign-body response.
Article in Nature materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multifunctional material platforms for neural interfaces: active orchestration of dynamic foreign body response across implantation lifetimes.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Design principles for π-conjugated hydrogel semiconductors.Nature materials · 2026Review
- Ultralow-voltage electrochemical organic light-emitting transistors with pinned and wide lateral recombination.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Minimally invasive bioelectronic implants.Nature materials · 2026Review
- Mechanically Compliant, Precision-Porous Brain Implants Reduce the Foreign Body Reaction and Guide Regeneration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- A modular hydrogel system with independent control of bioadhesion, fibrosis, and stiffness.Science advances · 2026Article
- The Impact of Biomaterial Charge on Cells' Bioelectrical Signaling.Cells, tissues, organs · 2026Review
- Biofunctionalized polymer semiconductors toward soft and stretchable transistor-based biosensors.Science advances · 2026Article
- Bandgap-enabled ultrasound tissue marking by a biodegradable metastructured hydrogel implant.Science advances · 2026Article
- Multi-Functional Adaptive Interfaces for Next-Generation Wearable and Implantable Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Resilient nanostructured bioanalytic microneedle longitudinally monitors preclinical renal and hepatic drug clearance and dysfunction.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Wearable bioelectronics for skin cancer management.Biomaterials · 2026Review
- Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Materials and System Design for Self-Decision Bioelectronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Cell-Stress-Free Percutaneous Bioelectrodes.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Acetylated chitosan scaffolds modulate the micro-environment and promote peripheral nerve regeneration through macrophage TLR2/4 pathway activation.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Zwitterionic hydrogel designs for conducting polymers enable bioelectronics with suppressed foreign body responses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
One of the greatest obstacles to achieving implantable electronics with long-term functionality and minimized inflammatory reactions is the immune-mediated foreign-body response (FBR). Recently, semiconducting polymers with mixed electron-ion conductivity have been demonstrated as promising candidates to achieve direct electrical interfacing on bio-tissues. However, there is limited understanding of their immune compatibility in vivo, and strategies for minimizing the FBR through molecular design remain underexplored. Here we introduce a set of molecular design strategies for enhancing the immune compatibility of semiconducting polymers. Specifically, we show that selenophene, when incorporated in the backbone, can mitigate the FBR by suppressing macrophage activation. In addition, side-chain functionalization with immunomodulatory groups decreases the FBR further by downregulating the expression of inflammatory biomarkers. Together, our synthesized polymers achieve suppression of the FBR by as much as 68% (as indicated by the collagen density). In the meantime, these immune-compatible designs still provide a high charge-carrier mobility of around 1 cm
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.