ArticleJournal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM2025
A Pilot Comparison of Clinical Data Collection Methods Using Paper, Electronic Health Record Prompt, and a Smartphone Application.
Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph
Article in Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1citing papers in PubMed
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What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Research on the Social Context of Medicine and the Modern Family Physician.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFMArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Meagan E StablerFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB). meagan.e.stabler@hitchcock.org.
John M WestfallFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Donald E NeaseFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Jennifer RaymondFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Bruce JobseFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Zoe DaudierFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Laurie EmanueleFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Elisabeth WilsonFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Maureen BoardmanFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Neil KorsenFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Charles D MacLeanFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Constance van EeghenFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Paula S HudonFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Timothy E BurdickFrom the Department of Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (MES, JW, JR, BJ, ZD, LE, EW, MB, PSH, TEB); Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (JW, DEN); Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO (DEN); Little Rivers Health Care, Bradford, VT (MB); Center for Interdisciplinary Population and Health Research, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME (NK); Division of Public Health, Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (CDM, CVE); Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (CDM, TEB); The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH (TEB); SYNERGY Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH (TEB).
Funding
Understanding Factors Influencing COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination in Immigrant Low-income and Homeless Populations and Testing Targeted InterventionsU54GM115516 · NIGMS · MAINEHEALTH · PI Frances E. Carr · 2017 to 2026
$51.6MNIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM115516
Abstract
backgroundFor decades, researchers have utilized paper card studies to assess primary care clinician (PCC) perceptions across various clinical and practice topics. Since 2022, cards can be completed electronically through the electronic health record (EHR) or a novel smartphone application (app). These delivery modalities have not previously been evaluated head-to-head. We report findings from a work in progress comparing paper, EHR, and app-delivered cards.
methodsThe Northern New England CO-OP Practice and Community Based Research Network recruited 15 PCCs from 3 clinics to collect a total of 324 cards from unique patient visits over 4 clinical days per PCC on the topic of "telehealth burden." Each clinic utilized a different data collection modality and collected approximately 100 cards. After completing the cards, we surveyed PCCs about their user experience. Our primary outcomes were PCC experience, card completion rates, and total cost of using the cards.
resultsPCCs reported that data collection was easy and the card study did not disrupt clinical operations regardless of modality. Paper cards had the highest completion rate and were least expensive for a small-scale card study, but were most expensive when scaled due to the large amount of time to transcribe data manually. EHR was the most expensive modality for a small-scale card study, but EHR and app cards scaled better than paper.
conclusionsWhile each modality has distinct advantages and disadvantages, all 3 card study data collection methods were acceptable to PCCs and obtained a high response rate.
Indexed as
Data CollectionElectronic Health RecordsMobile ApplicationsPrimary Health CareSmartphoneHumansPaperPilot ProjectsTelemedicineData CollectionFamily MedicineNew EnglandPhysiciansPractice-Based ResearchPractice-Based Research NetworksPrimary Health CareResearchResearch Design
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