Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40246538›Full record

ArticleThe European respiratory journal2025

Pleural fluid proteomics from patients with pleural infection shows signatures of diverse neutrophilic responses: The Oxford Pleural Infection Endotyping Study (TORPIDS-2).

Nikolaos I Kanellakis, Elie Antoun, Kiki Cano-Gamez, Julia Chu, Nikita Manoharan, Georgina Berridge, Iolanda Vendrell, Zheqing Zhang, John P Corcoran, Alguili Elsheikh and 5 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The European respiratory journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07194915 (Pleural Fluid Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Exacerbate Disease Severity and Risk of One-year Mortality in Pleural Infection), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07194915 active not recruitingnot on this map

Pleural Fluid Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Exacerbate Disease Severity and Risk of One-year Mortality in Pleural Infection: An Observational, International, Multicohort Study (TORPIDS-3)

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of OxfordRan2024 to 2025Enrolled326ConditionsPleural Infection
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. What is new in pleural infections?Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Nikolaos I KanellakisNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK nikolaos.kanellakis@ndm.ox.ac.uk.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-2282
Elie AntounNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Kiki Cano-GamezCentre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Julia ChuNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nikita ManoharanNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Georgina BerridgeDiscovery Proteomics Facility, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Iolanda VendrellNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Zheqing ZhangNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
John P CorcoranOxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-7819
Alguili ElsheikhOxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Tao DongNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Roman FischerNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Justin P WhalleyCenter for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-3091
Julian C KnightNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Najib M RahmanNuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPleural infection is a complex disease with poor clinical outcomes and increasing incidence worldwide, yet its biological endotypes remain unknown.

methodsWe analysed 80 pleural fluid samples from the PILOT study, a prospective study on pleural infection, using unlabelled mass spectrometry. A total of 449 proteins were retained after filtering. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering and Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection analyses were used to cluster samples and pathway analysis was performed to identify the biological processes. Protein signatures as identified by the pathway analysis were compared to microbiology as defined by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Spearman and exact Fischer's methods were used for correlation assessment.

resultsHigher neutrophil degranulation was correlated with increased glycolysis (odds ratio (OR) 281, p<2.2×10

conclusionsThese findings suggest that pleural infection patients exhibit diverse responses of neutrophil-mediated immunity, glycolysis and pentose phosphate activation, which are associated with microbiology. Therapeutic targeting of the liver and retinoid X receptors pathway with agonists is a possible treatment approach.

Indexed as

NeutrophilsPleural EffusionAdultAgedCell DegranulationFemaleGlycolysisHumansMaleMiddle AgedPentose Phosphate PathwayPilot ProjectsProspective StudiesProteomicsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SStreptococcus pneumoniaeRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID40246538
PMCPMC12256804

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.