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ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2025

Explanation & Elaboration document of the COSMIN Reporting Guideline 2.0 for studies on measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures.

Guilherme Tavares de Arruda, Caroline B Terwee, Ellen B M Elsman, Mariana Arias Avila, Joel J Gagnier, Lidwine B Mokkink, PROM Reporting Group

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Responsiveness, Smallest Detectable Change, and Minimal Important Change of the Turkish Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 Following Pelvic Floor Muscle Training.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026
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  5. Cosmin reporting guideline for studies on measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures and its explanation and elaboration document: translation into Brazilian Portuguese.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Guilherme Tavares de ArrudaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Postgraduate Program at Federal, University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil. arrudaguilherme@estudante.ufscar.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5994-3247
Caroline B TerweeAmsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Ellen B M ElsmanAmsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Mariana Arias AvilaDepartment of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Postgraduate Program at Federal, University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.
Joel J GagnierDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Lidwine B MokkinkAmsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
PROM Reporting Group

Funding

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior 001Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2021/11871-9Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2022/16124-0
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe aimed to develop an Explanation & Elaboration document to provide explanations, rationales, and good examples of reporting for each item in the COSMIN Reporting Guideline 2.0.

methodsThe development of the Explanation & Elaboration document was conducted in four phases. In phase 1, experts on measurement properties were invited as writers to draft explanations and examples for each item. The original COSMIN Reporting Guideline items into 22 clusters, each containing two to six items, which were self-assigned by writers based on expertise. In phase 2, a draft of the Explanation & Elaboration document was created. For each item, an 'Explanation', 'Essential elements', and 'Item examples' were written. The draft was reviewed by a team of reviewers for grammar, conciseness, and consistency with other COSMIN tools. In phase 3, the Explanation & Elaboration document was extensively revised considering the newly created COSMIN reporting guidelines 2.0. In phase 4, the final version incorporated feedback from all writers and final approval.

resultsEighteen writers drafted the item explanations and provided examples of good reporting. The Explanation & Elaboration document contains explanations of the General and Specific items. We explain the reasons why reporting of the item is recommended and how to report the items with examples of good reporting.

conclusionThe Explanation & Elaboration document of the COSMIN Reporting Guideline 2.0 facilitates comprehensive reporting of studies on measurement properties of PROMs and should be used in conjunction with the COSMIN Reporting Guideline 2.0.

Indexed as

Guidelines as TopicPatient Reported Outcome MeasuresQuality of LifeHumansResearch DesignCOSMINMeasurement propertiesPatient-reported outcome measuresReporting recommendations

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.