ArticleEuropean radiology2025
Non-enhanced MRI flow evaluation using 4D versus 2D phase-contrast in repaired Tetralogy of Fallot adults.
Article in European radiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Comparing transthoracic echocardiography, 2D and 4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance for quantitative valve assessment after percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesTo describe the reliability of quantitative MRI analysis of flows using 4D-PC (Phase Contrast) compared to 2D-PC flow, without contrast agents. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study was conducted at one centre in a retrospective manner from 2021 to 2023. Eligible patients were adults with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot (rToF) whose follow-up MRI protocol included 4D-PC and 2D-PC, without contrast agent. Assessment involved quantitative measurement of aortic and pulmonary flows on both 4D and 2D. Student's T was used for comparisons of means and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient agreement (CCC). A 2nd observer was hired.
resultsTwenty-six patients were included (50% men, median age of 27 [20; 34]). Scanning mean time was 13 min for 4D and 47 min for non-4D part. Systematic underestimation in pulmonary regurgitation fraction (-10 ± 15%, p = 0.02) and backward volume (-13 ± 18 mL, p = 0.02) was found. Agreement on regurgitant fraction was strong for pulmonary (CCC = 0.75 [0.58-0.86], p < 0.001) and aortic (CCC = 0.91 [0.81-0.95], p < 0.001). Inter-observer showed overall strong results.
conclusionNon-enhanced 4D-PC flow MRI seems to be a reliable method of quantitative flow in rToF patients, but it may underestimate pulmonary regurgitation. KEY POINTS: Question 4D-MRI stands out as an innovative tool for evaluating flows in adults with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot during follow-up. Findings 4D phase-contrast imaging without the use of contrast agents exhibits robust results and high reproducibility. Clinical relevance 4D-MR is presented as an accurate and versatile tool of cardiac exploration that could improve patient comfort. Minimizing brain gadolinium exposure and reducing scanning time are key objectives of non-enhanced 4D-MR.
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