Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40244327›Full record

ArticleInternational urogynecology journal2025

The Urinary, Vaginal, and Perineal Microbiome: Commonalities and Differences.

Anisa Nasse, Melline Fontes Noronha, Linda Brubaker, Alan J Wolfe

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International urogynecology journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anisa NasseDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Chicago, IL, 60153, USA.
Melline Fontes NoronhaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Chicago, IL, 60153, USA.
Linda BrubakerDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Alan J WolfeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Chicago, IL, 60153, USA. awolfe@luc.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introduction and hypothesisThe relationship of adjacent pelvic microbiomes in women has not been well characterized. This study aimed to compare the microbiomes of catheterized urine, vagina, and perineum from well-characterized women undergoing urogynecologic surgery.

methodsClinical data was extracted from the electronic medical record. Participants contributed three samples (catheterized urine, vaginal swab, perineal swab) that were subjected to DNA sequencing following amplification of hyper-variable region 4 (V4) of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The sequences were processed, annotated, and decontaminated. Only participants with sequence-positive samples from all three samples were included in the analytic cohort. Alpha (within-sample) and beta (between-sample) diversity indices were computed, and the microbiome compositions within each participant and across all participants were compared.

resultsThe mean age of the 104 participants was 60.5 years old (range 35-89) with a mean BMI of 28.2 kg/m

conclusionThe microbiomes of the bladder, vagina, and perineum of women are very similar to each other.

Indexed as

MicrobiotaPerineumUrinary BladderUrineVaginaAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMiddle AgedRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRNA, Ribosomal, 16S16S rRNA gene sequencingBladderMicrobiomePelvic floorPerineumUrinaryUrobiomeUrogynecologyVagina

Identifiers

PMID40244327

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.