Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40244022›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Tools for Precision Diagnosis and Prognosis.

Vasudeva Reddy Netala, Tianyu Hou, Yanbo Wang, Zhijun Zhang, Sireesh Kumar Teertam

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Non-Oncology Biomarkers in Precision Medicine: A Narrative Review.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Evolving Proteomic Biomarkers in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Vasudeva Reddy NetalaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0009-0009-2061-6455
Tianyu HouSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7939-7271
Yanbo WangSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Zhijun ZhangSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
Sireesh Kumar TeertamDepartment of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.

Funding

（：202204021301046). Shanxi Province Technology Transformation Guide Special Project (202204021301046) 202204021301046
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study provides a detailed review of cardiovascular biomarkers critical for the diagnosis, prognosis, and pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. These biomarkers aid in detecting disease onset, progression, and therapeutic responses, providing insights into molecular mechanisms. Enzyme markers like AST, CK-MB, LDH, CA-III, and HBDH are pivotal for detecting myocardial injury during acute events. Protein markers such as CRP, H-FABP, and MPO shed light on inflammation and oxidative stress. Cardiac Troponins, the gold standard for myocardial infarction diagnosis, exhibit high specificity and sensitivity, while IMA and GPBB indicate ischemia and early myocardial damage. Peptide markers, including BNP and NT-proBNP, are crucial for heart failure diagnosis and management, reflecting ventricular stress and remodeling. Novel peptides like MR-proANP and MR-proADM aid in assessing disease severity. Lipid markers such as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and oxylipins provide insights into lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Inflammatory and stress-related biomarkers, including TNFα, IL-6, GDF-15, and Pentraxin 3, illuminate chronic inflammation in CVDs. Hormonal markers like copeptin and endothelin-1 highlight neurohormonal activation, while emerging markers such as ST2, galectin-3, PAPP-A, and TMAO elucidate fibrosis, remodeling, and metabolic dysregulation. The inclusion of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs represents a breakthrough in biomarker research, offering sensitive tools for early detection, risk stratification, and therapeutic targeting. This review emphasizes the diagnostic and prognostic utility of these biomarkers, advancing cardiovascular care through personalized medicine.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesPrecision MedicineHumansPrognosisBiomarkerscardiac troponinscardiovascular biomarkerscopeptin and endothelin-1heart failure biomarkersIL-6miRNAsTNFα

Identifiers

PMID40244022
PMCPMC11989402

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.