SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Advancing Forensic Human Chronological Age Estimation: Biochemical, Genetic, and Epigenetic Approaches from the Last 15 Years: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Digital PCR in forensic genetics: principles, applications, and challenges.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Special Issue "Advances in Molecular Forensic Pathology and Toxicology: An Update".International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immunohistological detection of pentosidine in the epiglottis:A contribution to molecular age estimation.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Development of a precise saliva-based epigenetic clock using a six-CpG-marker panel.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Third molar maturity on panoramic radiographs as an indicator of the 18-year threshold: a pilot cases study.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Article
- Predicting Physical Appearance from Low Template: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.Genes · 2026Review
- Factors Associated With Third Molar Eruption in the Assamese Inhabitants of Northeast India.Cureus · 2025Article
- Automated Analysis of Vertebral Body Surface Roughness for Adult Age Estimation: Ellipse Fitting and Machine-Learning Approach.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Forensic age estimation is crucial for identifying unknown individuals and narrowing suspect pools in criminal investigations. Over the past 15 years, significant progress has been made in using biochemical, genetic, and epigenetic markers to estimate chronological age.
methodsFrom research on PubMed a total of 155 studies, related to advancements in age prediction techniques, were selected following PRISMA guidelines. Studies considered eligible dealt with radiocarbon dating, aspartic acid racemization, mitochondrial DNA analysis, signal joint T-cell receptor excision circles, RNA analysis, telomeres, and DNA methylation in the last 15 years and were summarized in a table.
resultsDespite these advancements, challenges persist, including variability in prediction accuracy, sample degradation, and the lack of standardization and reproducibility. DNA methylation emerged as the most promising approach capable of high accuracy across diverse populations and age ranges. Multimodal methods integrating several biomarkers show promise in improving reliability and addressing these limitations.
conclusionWhile significant progress has been made, further standardization, validation, and technological integration are needed to enhance forensic age estimation. These efforts are essential for meeting the growing demands of forensic science while addressing ethical and legal considerations.
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