ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Immune Modulation and Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Mechanisms of Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multidrug resistance in cancer: current understandings and future perspective.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory and Antimicrobial Effects of Pd(II)-Pincer-Type Complex.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Molecular profiling-directed individualized adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer: Bridging consensus guidelines to clinical disparities.World journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy resistance and strategies in malignant pleural mesothelioma.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment: integrating cellular, metabolic, and stromal targets for rational immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting autophagy in dysfunctional tumor vasculature.iScience · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint biology in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Dual targeting of PD-1/PD-L1 and iL-33/ST2 signalling pathways: a promising approach in breast cancer immunotherapy.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Osteosarcoma by Revisiting the Immune and Cancer-Intrinsic Hallmarks of Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Hydrogels as advanced drug delivery platforms for cancer immunotherapy: promising innovations and future outlook.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Spatial Heterogeneity of Intratumoral Microbiota: A New Frontier in Cancer Immunotherapy Resistance.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy Using Lipid Nanoparticle-Based Approaches.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the modulation of specific immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) offers new hope in cancer treatments, especially in cancer immunotherapies. In recent years, immune modulation and resistance to immunotherapy have become critical challenges in cancer treatments. However, novel strategies for immune modulation have emerged as promising approaches for oncology due to the vital roles of the immunomodulators in regulating tumor progression and metastasis and modulating immunological responses to standard of care in cancer treatments. With the progress in immuno-oncology, a growing number of novel immunomodulators and mechanisms are being uncovered, offering the potential for enhanced clinical immunotherapy in the near future. Thus, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the broader context is essential. Herein, we particularly summarize the paradoxical role of tumor-related immune cells, focusing on how targeted immune cells and their actions are modulated by immunotherapies to overcome immunotherapeutic resistance in tumor cells. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms employed by tumors to evade the long-term effects of immunotherapeutic agents, rendering them ineffective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.