ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Proteomic Profiling of Donkey Milk Exosomes Highlights Bioactive Proteins with Immune-Related Functions.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comprehensive design and characterization of pH-gradient-loaded donkey-milk exosomes for oral octreotide delivery: A bench-to-in silico roadmap.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Milk-Derived EVs from Different Animal Sources: An Overview on Their Detection, Isolation and Pleiotropic Exerted Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Protective Effects of Donkey Milk-Derived Exosomes Against UVB-Induced Skin Photoaging via Regulation of DNA Damage and Aging-Related Pathways.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Long-Term Stabilization of Non-Bovine Milk Exosomes Using Lyophilization: Toward Oral Delivery of PROTAC Therapeutics.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2026Article
- Equine Herpesvirus Infections: Treatment Progress and Challenges in Horses and Donkeys.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Nutritional Composition and Biological Activities of Donkey Milk: A Narrative Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Non-Bovine Milk as Functional Foods with Focus on Their Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Bioactivities.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Donkey milk-derived exosomes protect against UVB irradiation-induced ferroptosis in skin cells:Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The growing recognition of the role of milk-derived exosomes in metabolic and immunological processes has brought attention to the potential utility of donkey milk. However, the efficacy and bioactive components of donkey milk are underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the proteomic profiles of exosomes isolated from donkey colostrum and mature milk using advanced four-dimensional (4D) label-free quantitative proteomics. A comprehensive analysis identified and quantified a total of 2293 exosomal proteins from donkey milk, including 276 differentially expressed exosomal proteins (DEEPs). The results revealed marked proteomic differences between colostrum and mature milk exosomes, particularly in proteins associated with immune responses and metabolic pathways. Exosomal proteins derived from colostrum were found to be enriched in immune-modulatory factors and glycan-related pathways, which may contribute to the enhancement in neonatal immune system development. In contrast, exosomal proteins from mature milk were predominantly associated with metabolic processes and cellular senescence. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis further suggested that specific exosomal proteins highly expressed in colostrum could serve as nutraceutical components with potential health benefits for humans. In conclusion, this study underscores the distinct proteomic features and potential physiological roles of exosomes from donkey colostrum versus mature milk.
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Registered trials
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