ArticleCureus2025
Investigating the Effects of Heated Tobacco Products on Periodontal Healing: Insights From In Vivo and In Vitro Experiments.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Salivary RANKL/OPG and Periodontal Status Among Users of Heated Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes Versus Non-Smokers: A Prospective Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tobacco-derived particulates and the periodontal axis: Distinct cytotoxic and stress-related mechanisms in human gingival fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of heated tobacco product extract (HTPE) on periodontal healing. HTPE and conventional cigarette smoke extract (CSE) were prepared following a puff protocol. C57BL/6 mice were divided into HTPE, CSE, and control groups. Each solution was intraperitoneally administered for three days. Seven days after ligature placement in the maxillary second molar, alveolar bone resorption was assessed. Bone levels after ligature removal were also assessed. In vitro, human gingival fibroblasts-1 (HGF-1) were cultured with HTPE or CSE for 24 hours. Cell proliferation, migration, and morphology were evaluated, and expressions of genes related to cell migration were also assessed. HTPE and CSE induced significantly greater bone resorption compared with the control, and bone recovery in both groups was reduced. While HTPE had no significant impact on the proliferation of HGF-1, CSE suppressed it. Both HTPE and CSE significantly inhibited cell migration. In the HTPE group, actin filaments in HGF-1 were more pronounced compared with the control, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) gene expressions were significantly increased. The suppressed cell migration may be attributed in part to the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling. The results of this study suggest that HTPE impairs periodontal healing, although the extent of this effect may differ from that of CSE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.