Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40242555›Full record

ReviewFundamental research2025

The theory, technology, and application of terahertz metamaterial biosensors: A review.

Xiaoke Wei, Chuanlu Ren, Bingwei Liu, Yan Peng, Songlin Zhuang

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Fundamental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Retina-Inspired Bi-Based Terahertz Photonic Neuromorphic Devices.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xiaoke WeiShidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Chuanlu RenDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The 904th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Wuxi 214044, China.
Bingwei LiuShidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Yan PengShidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Songlin ZhuangShidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Terahertz metamaterial biosensors combine terahertz time-domain spectroscopy with metamaterial sensing to provide a sensitive detection platform for a variety of targets, including biological molecules, proteins, cells, and viruses. These biosensors are characterized by their rapid response, sensitivity, non-destructive, label-free operation, minimal sample requirement, and user-friendly design, which also allows for integration with various technical approaches. Advancing beyond traditional biosensors, terahertz metamaterial biosensors facilitate rapid and non-destructive trace detection in biomedical applications, contributing to timely diagnosis and early screening of diseases. In this paper, the theoretical basis and advanced progress of these biosensors are discussed in depth, focusing on three key areas: improving the sensitivity and specificity, and reducing the influence of water absorption in biological samples. This paper also analyzes the potential and future development of these biosensors for expanded applications. It highlights their potential for multi-band tuning, intelligent operations, and flexible, wearable biosensor applications. This review provides a valuable reference for the follow-up research and application of terahertz metamaterial biosensors in the field of biomedical detection.

Indexed as

Metamaterial biosensorsSensitivitySpecific detectionTerahertzWater absorption

Identifiers

PMID40242555
PMCPMC11997590

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.