Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40242508›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2025

A multifunctional hydrogel loaded with magnesium-doped bioactive glass-induced vesicle clusters enhances diabetic wound healing by promoting intracellular delivery of extracellular vesicles.

Zetao Wang, Zhipeng Sun, Shuangli Zhu, Zhihao Qin, Xiaohong Yin, Yilin Ding, Huichang Gao, Xiaodong Cao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  6. Article
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  9. Immune regulative GelMA&ZnBioactive materials · 2026
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  11. Review
  12. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose stearoxy ether hydrogel loaded withFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
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  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zetao WangSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
Zhipeng SunSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
Shuangli ZhuInstitute of Medical Health, Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China.
Zhihao QinSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
Xiaohong YinInstitute of Medical Health, Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China.
Yilin DingSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.
Huichang GaoSchool of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
Xiaodong CaoSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The treatment of diabetic wounds (DWs) poses a significant medical challenge. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have demonstrated potential in accelerating healing by delivering growth factors and microRNAs. However, the rapid clearance by the circulatory system limits their concentration and bioavailability within cells. This study employed magnesium-doped bioactive glass (MgBG) to autonomously program sEVs into a vesicle cluster (EPPM), which was subsequently incorporated into a hydrogel to create a comprehensive repair system that enhanced the delivery of both sEVs and MgBG, thereby promoting rapid healing of diabetic wounds. This hydrogel exhibited excellent injectable, self-healing and bioadhesive properties, making it an ideal physical barrier for DWs. In addition, the hydrogels also possessed photoresponsive properties that facilitated their bactericidal activity. The released EPPM significantly increased the intracellular uptake and accumulation of sEVs, with approximately 8.2-fold enhancement in macrophages and 16.7-fold in endothelial cells. The EPPM clusters efficiently induce macrophage M2 polarization, reduce inflammatory responses at the wound site, and recruit cells, thereby promoting angiogenesis and collagen deposition. This integrated repair system provided a new platform for the comprehensive treatment of diabetic wounds.

Indexed as

AngiogenesisDiabetic wound healingExtracellular vesiclesMagnesium-doped bioactive glassMultifunctional hydrogel

Identifiers

PMID40242508
PMCPMC11998110

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.