ArticleAmerican journal of preventive cardiology2025
Association of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A prospective cohort study.
Article in American journal of preventive cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Intervening Early in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Expert Recommendations from the United Arab Emirates on the Management of Prediabetes.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Guideline
- Intensive Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes Across Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages: A Post Hoc Analysis of the China Rural Hypertension Control Project.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Evaluative performance of triglyceride-glucose-frailty index versus surrogate insulin resistance indices for advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic multimorbidity, and mortality: the role of estimated glomerular filtration rate.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Associations of Physical Activity With Mortality Across Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages: Evidence From NHANES 1999 to 2018.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Analysis of Sex Differences in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Risk Factors and Prognosis Among Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Coronary Artery Calcification: Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance surrogate indices and incident cardiovascular disease across cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic stages 0-3: a prospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Cumulative visceral fat burden and progression to advanced cardiovascular kidney metabolic syndrome in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrating inflammation, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity: the C-reactive protein-triglyceride-glucose-Chinese visceral adiposity (CTI-CVAI) index is associated with cardiovascular disease risk across CKM stages 0-3 in a nationwide prospective cohort.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Joint Relationship of Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic Syndrome and Psoriasis with All-cause and Cause-specific Mortality in Adults: A Population-based Analysis.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2026Article
- Association Between Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome and Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.JACC. Asia · 2026Article
- Insulin resistance-related indices, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular risk in CKM stages 1-3: a prospective cohort study from CHARLS.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Emerging multidimensional biomarker system for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: from multi-omics integration to clinical artificial intelligence.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Review
- Article
- Association between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages and risk of all-cause mortality in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional survey based on NHANES.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Modern Management of CKM Syndrome: Use of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in a Multidisciplinary Setting-Expert Group Recommendations from Kuwait.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Age-Stratified Differences in Cardio-Reno-Metabolic Risk Profiles.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages and increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in UK Biobank.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Associations between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome staging and risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Physical Activity and Bidirectional Stage Transitions in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: A Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Given evidence on the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk conferred by comorbidity risk factors, the American Heart Association (AHA) recently introduced a novel staging construct, named cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This study examined the association of CKM syndrome stages with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among US adults. Methods: Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 at baseline linked to the 2019 National Death Index records. For each participant, the CKM syndrome was classified into five stages: stage 0 (no CKM risk factors), 1 (excess or dysfunctional adiposity), 2 (metabolic risk factors and chronic kidney disease), 3 (subclinical CVD), or 4 (clinical CVD). The main outcomes were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results: Among 34,809 participants (mean age: 46.7 years; male: 49.2 %), the prevalence of CKM stages 0 to 4 was 13.2 %, 20.8 %, 53.1 %, 5.0 %, and 7.8 %, respectively. During a median follow-up of 8.3 years, compared to participants with CKM stage 0, those with higher stages had increased risks of all-cause mortality (stage 2: HR 1.43, 95 % 1.13-1.80; stage 3, HR 2.75, 95 % CI 2.12-3.57; stage 4, HR 3.02, 95 % CI 2.35-3.89). The corresponding hazard ratios (95 % confidence interval) of cardiovascular mortality risks were 2.96 (1.39-6.30), 7.60 (3.50-16.5), and 10.5 (5.01-22.2). The population-attributable fractions for advanced (stages 3 or 4) vs. CKM syndrome stages (stages 0, 1, or 2) were 25.3 % for all-cause mortality and 45.3 % for cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Higher CKM syndrome stages were associated with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. These findings emphasize that primordial and primary prevention efforts on promoting CKM health should be strengthened to reduce mortality risk.
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