Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40241681›Full record

ArticleNano letters2025

Single-Molecule SERS Discrimination of Proline from Hydroxyproline Assisted by a Deep Learning Model.

Yingqi Zhao, Kuo Zhan, Pei-Lin Xin, Zuyan Chen, Shuai Li, Francesco De Angelis, Jian-An Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nano letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yingqi ZhaoResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-6054-8076
Kuo ZhanResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
Pei-Lin XinResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
Zuyan ChenThe Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems (BISG) research unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electronic Engineering, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
Shuai LiThe Biomimetics and Intelligent Systems (BISG) research unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electronic Engineering, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
Francesco De AngelisIstituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6053-2488
Jian-An HuangResearch Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220 Oulu, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-6564-5972

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Discriminating low-abundance hydroxylation is a crucial and unmet need for early disease diagnostics and therapeutic development due to the small hydroxyl group with 17.01 Da. While single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensors can detect hydroxylation, subsequent data analysis suffers from signal fluctuations and strong interference from citrates. Here, we used our plasmonic particle-in-pore sensor, occurrence frequency histogram of the single-molecule SERS spectra, and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) model to achieve single-molecule discrimination of hydroxylation. The histogram extracted spectral features of the whole data set to overcome the signal fluctuations and helped the citrate-replaced particle-in-pore sensor to generate clean signals of the hydroxylation for model training. As a result, the discrimination of single-molecule SERS signals of proline and hydroxyproline was successful by the 1D-CNN model with 96.6% accuracy for the first time. The histogram further validated that the features extracted by the 1D-CNN model corresponded to hydroxylation-induced spectral changes.

Indexed as

Deep LearningHydroxyprolineProlineSpectrum Analysis, RamanHydroxylationNeural Networks, ComputerHydroxyprolineProlineCNNHydroxyproline and prolinePlasmonic nanoporePost-translational modificationSERSSingle molecule

Identifiers

PMID40241681
PMCPMC12063160

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.