Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40241254›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic delivery2025

Alternative photosensitizer penetration depth evaluation in ex vivo human eyes for photodynamic antimicrobial therapy.

James M Lai, Katherine Krishna, Brandon Chou, Justin Chen, Kyle Rowley, Juan Carlos Navia, Heather Durkee, Mariela C Aguilar, Katrina Llanes, Noel Ziebarth and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Therapeutic delivery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

James M LaiOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Katherine KrishnaOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Brandon ChouOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Justin ChenOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Kyle RowleyOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-7476-2267
Juan Carlos NaviaOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Heather DurkeeOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Mariela C AguilarOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Katrina LlanesDepartment of Ophthalmology, Beauty of Sight Eye Bank, Miami, FL, USA.
Noel ZiebarthDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Jaime D MartinezAnne Bates Leach Eye Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Darlene MillerAnne Bates Leach Eye Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Harry W FlynnAnne Bates Leach Eye Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Guillermo AmescuaOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Jean-Marie ParelOphthalmic Biophysics Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.

Funding

Shared Equipment ModuleP30EY014801 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Dmitry V Ivanov · 2004 to 2026
$12.2M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY014801
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeFungal keratitis has a poor prognosis given deep penetration into the corneal stroma. While Rose Bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (RB-PDAT) is a promising adjunct treatment for refractory cases, poor penetration limits its effectiveness. This study explores the penetration depth of alternative photosensitizers to address this issue.

methodsThirty-five human corneas were soaked for 30 minutes in 0.0075% solution of Rose Bengal disodium (

resultsAll photosensitizers penetrated greater into the cornea as compared to control. There was no significant difference in penetration between Rose Bengal lactone and Rose Bengal disodium (RB lactone: 106  ± 11

conclusionsAlternative photosensitizers exhibit superior penetration compared to Rose Bengal. However, antimicrobial efficacy and corneal safety require more robust evaluation before clinical use.

Indexed as

Anti-Infective AgentsCorneaPhotochemotherapyPhotosensitizing AgentsErythrosineHumansMethylene BlueMicroscopy, ConfocalRose BengalAnti-Infective AgentsErythrosineMethylene BluePhotosensitizing AgentsRose Bengalalternative photosensitizerhuman cornea tissuepenetration depthPhotodynamic therapyRose Bengal

Identifiers

PMID40241254
PMCPMC12140472

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.