ArticleBMC public health2025
Readiness of health posts for primary health care integration in Indonesia: a mixed-methods study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Challenges to 'Last Mile' Surveillance: Result of Programmatic Review of Integrated Skin NTDs Surveillance in Three Indonesian Districts.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Assessment of organizational readiness for integrating primary eye care into primary healthcare: a mixed-method pre-implementation study in rural Xinjiang.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Barriers and enablers in implementing integrated primary health care: A qualitative assessment in West Sumbawa District, Indonesia.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Developing community-based surveillance systems for vaccine-preventable diseases: lessons learned from Indonesia.Global health action · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundPrimary Health Care Integration (PHCI) is part of Indonesia's health transformation initiated in 2022. After two years, not all districts/cities have implemented the change, especially related to Health Posts (HP). The study aims to assess the HP's readiness to implement this transformation.
methodA sequential exploratory mixed-method design was used. The first stage was explorative using a qualitative design and developing a quantitative research instrument. The second stage conducted a survey. Qualitative data collection through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions involving 42 informants: health cadres, health care workers, and City Health Office representatives. The qualitative data was processed with the ScreenQ software, and content analysis was carried out. Afterward, quantitative research instruments were built using predetermined theory, and validity and reliability tests were carried out. The quantitative survey involved 139 health cadres and 128 health care workers. The data obtained is transformed first using Rasch modeling (Winsteps 37). Then it was analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS 20), with readiness levels categorized into "not ready", "moderately ready", and "ready". A comparison of readiness was performed between groups of respondents.
resultsQualitative analysis identified Facilitators including health cadres enthusiasm, collaboration, and commitment. Barriers included human resource, facilities, data synchronization, and digital reporting. Quantitative results showed that 83.5% of Health Posts were classified as "moderately ready", meaning they had some essential elements in place but still faced gaps requiring further strengthening before full implementation could succeed. No statistically significant differences were found in readiness perceptions between health cadres and health care workers (3.19 logit, CI: -12.91-19.27, p = 0.697).
conclusionThis study provides baseline data for future research and policy development, offering insights into how to strengthen PHCI readiness in similar contexts, particularly by addressing the serious barriers that may hinder successful implementation.
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