ArticleBMC public health2025
Is air pollution a risk factor for early menopause?
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Ambient Air Pollution, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Pubertal Development: A Critical Review of Emerging Evidence.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAmbient air pollution is a serious public health issue that may influence reproductive health, including fertility and menopause onset in women worldwide. Thus, understanding the risk factors associated with early menopause is crucial to inform women about potential health risks and guide public health interventions.
methodsWe collected data from KHANES (The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) at the Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health and Welfare between 2010 and 2020. These data were linked with summary pollution data from AiMS-CREATE (AI-Machine Learning and Statistics Collaborative Research Ensemble for Air Pollution, Temperature, and All Types of Environmental Exposures) from 2002 to 2020. These summary data encapsulate the monthly average air pollution predictions for 226 si-gun-gu (cities, counties, and districts) in Korea. A total of 8506 participants who had experienced menopause (early menopause: 40-44 years, N = 341; normal menopause: ≥ 45 years, N = 8165) between 2002 and 2020 were included in the analysis. We employed survey logistic regression analyses to determine the associations between ambient air pollution and menopause after adjusting for covariates.
resultsAn association was observed between particulate matter 2.5 (PM
conclusionOur findings suggest that exposure to ambient air pollution may contribute to the onset of menopause, emphasizing the importance of addressing air quality as a public health priority. This study highlights the need for further research to explore the underlying mechanisms and long-term health impacts of environmental factors associated with early menopause.
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