Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40240877›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2025

Pan-genome analysis reveals the evolution and diversity of Malus.

Wei Li, Chong Chu, Taikui Zhang, Haochen Sun, Shiyao Wang, Zeyuan Liu, Zijun Wang, Hui Li, Yuqi Li, Xingtan Zhang and 17 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

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  9. Review
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  11. MT@SiOPlant biotechnology journal · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. The complete chloroplast genome ofMitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Wei Li *Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Chong Chu *Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. chong_chu@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-2339
Taikui Zhang *Department of Biology, Eberly College of Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-161X
Haochen Sun *Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Shiyao Wang *Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Zeyuan Liu *State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5627-2094
Zijun WangInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Hui LiInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Yuqi LiInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Xingtan ZhangGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-0882
Zhiqiang GengCollege of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
Youqing WangCollege of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
Yi LiDepartment of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Hengtao ZhangZhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
Weishu FanGermplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-5325
Yi WangInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6303-385X
Xuefeng XuInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Lailiang ChengSection of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Dehui ZhangState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Yao XiongInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Huixia LiInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Bowen ZhouInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Qingmei GuanState Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China. qguan@nwafu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-3147
Cecilia H DengThe New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Auckland, New Zealand. cecilia.deng@plantandfood.co.nz.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-762X
Yongming HanCollege of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China. hanym@mail.buct.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3209-725X
Hong MaDepartment of Biology, Eberly College of Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. hxm16@psu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8717-4422
Zhenhai HanInstitute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. rschan@cau.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3759-1046

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2019M661344Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System CARS-27National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32172522National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32422077
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malus Mill., a genus of temperate perennial trees with great agricultural and ecological value, has diversified through hybridization, polyploidy and environmental adaptation. Limited genomic resources for wild Malus species have hindered the understanding of their evolutionary history and genetic diversity. We sequenced and assembled 30 high-quality Malus genomes, representing 20 diploids and 10 polyploids across major evolutionary lineages and geographical regions. Phylogenomic analyses revealed ancient gene duplications and conversions, while six newly defined genome types, including an ancestral type shared by polyploid species, facilitated the detection of strong signals for extensive introgressions. The graph-based pan-genome captured shared and species-specific structural variations, facilitating the development of a molecular marker for apple scab resistance. Our pipeline for analyzing selective sweep identified a mutation in MdMYB5 having reduced cold and disease resistance during domestication. This study advances Malus genomics, uncovering genetic diversity and evolutionary insights while enhancing breeding for desirable traits.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenetic VariationGenome, PlantMalusDisease ResistanceGenomicsPhylogenyPolyploidy

Identifiers

PMID40240877
PMCPMC12081284

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.