ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026
Examining the Magnitude of Maternal Ethnic and Socioeconomic Inequalities on Foetal Growth Restriction and Preterm Birth: A Cohort Study Set in North West England.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo calculate population attributable fractions (PAFs) for the effect of ethnicity and deprivation on foetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth (PTB). PAF estimates the risk reduction of FGR and PTB if ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities did not exist.
designA retrospective cohort study using routinely recorded electronic health records, 2016-2021, Manchester, UK.
methodsWomen with singleton pregnancies greater than 22 weeks' gestation. Logistic regression models were fitted to explore the association between maternal self-reported ethnicity, or deprivation (index of multiple deprivation) on the odds of developing foetal growth restriction (FGR) and preterm birth (PTB). PAFs were estimated from (un)adjusted logistic regression models.
main outcome measuresThe PAF of FGR and PTB cases associated with ethnicity and deprivation.
resultsA total of 48,930 pregnancies were included in the analysis with FGR and PTB rates of 8.5% and 6.9%, respectively. Forty-five percent were from ethnic minority backgrounds with 33% living in the most deprived postcode wards. In adjusted models, 22.8% (95% CI 19.6-25.9%) of FGR cases were attributable to ethnicity (using White British/Irish as comparison group). There was no effect of ethnicity on the PAF of PTB cases. In comparison to women living in the least deprived tertile of our population, 9.1% (95% CI 4.6-13.5%) of FGR cases and 11.2% (95% CI 6.2-15.9%) of PTB cases were attributable to deprivation.
conclusionsIn our population, there is a disparity in pregnancy outcomes for women of ethnic minorities and those living in deprived areas. Targeted interventions such as antenatal caseload models and improved screening in high-risk women could contribute to the efforts to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity in the UK.
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