Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40240218›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of anaesthesia2025

Parafacial GABAergic neurone ablation induces behavioural resistance to volatile anaesthetic-induced hypnosis without reducing sleep.

Toshihiro Imamura, Andrzej Z Wasilczuk, Sarah L Reitz, Jie Lian, Miyoko Imamura, Brendan T Keenan, Naoki Shimizu, Allan I Pack, Max B Kelz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in British journal of anaesthesia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Toshihiro ImamuraChronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Andrzej Z WasilczukNeuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Sarah L ReitzNeuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jie LianDivision of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Miyoko ImamuraDivision of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Brendan T KeenanChronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Naoki ShimizuDepartment of Pediatrics, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
Allan I PackChronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Max B KelzChronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neuroscience of Unconsciousness and Reanimation Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: kelzma@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Funding

TRAINING PROGRAM/RESPIRATORY NEUROBIOLOGY AND SLEEPT32HL007713 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI PACK, ALLAN I · 1992 to 2022
$11.9M
NEURONAL BASIS UNDERLYING VOLATILE ANESTHETIC INDUCED HYPNOSISR01GM088156 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KELZ, MAX · 2010 to 2021
$3.8M
Physician Postdoctoral Research Training in Perioperative Medicine (PPRTPM)T32GM112596 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Roderic G Eckenhoff, Max Kelz · 2015 to 2026
$3.4M
Brain Wide Anesthetic-Active Neuronal NetworkR01GM151556 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Alexander Proekt · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
Anesthesia and Sleep: Mechanisms of Generating Two Similar Yet Distinct Unconscious States in the MedullaR35GM151166 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Toshihiro Imamura · 2023 to 2026
$1.6M
NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007713NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM088156NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM151556NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM151166NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM112596
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIt is hypothesised that general anaesthetics co-opt the neural circuits regulating endogenous sleep and wakefulness to produce hypnosis. To further probe this association, we focused on the GABAergic neurones of the parafacial zone (PZ

methodsTo determine whether PZ neurones are activated by a hypnotic dose of anaesthetics, c-Fos immunohistochemistry was performed. The behavioural and physiological contributions of PZ

resultsConsistent with anaesthetic-induced depolarisation, hypnotic doses of isoflurane significantly increased c-Fos expression three-fold in PZ

conclusionsThere was an unexpected dissociation in which destruction of up to 70-80% of PZ

Indexed as

Anesthetics, InhalationBehavior, AnimalGABAergic NeuronsSleepAnimalsElectroencephalographyIsofluraneMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosSevofluraneWakefulnessAnesthetics, InhalationIsofluraneProto-Oncogene Proteins c-fosSevofluraneanaesthetic resistancehypnosisisofluraneparafacial zonesevofluranesleep homeostasis

Identifiers

PMID40240218
PMCPMC12106870

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.