ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2025
The Impact of Home Interventions on Dry Eye Disease (DED) Symptoms and Signs in United States Veterans.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Indoor Environmental Exposures and Dry Eye Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Prevention Strategies.Toxics · 2026Review
- Dual crisis: environmental and economic unsustainability in NHS dry eye prescribing.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe indoor environment can contribute to dry eye disease (DED) risk, but the effects of environmental modifications on disease are still uncertain. This study evaluated the effect of home interventions that modify the indoor environment on DED symptoms and sign severity.
methodsThe prospective study consisted of two visits (6 ± 1 months apart). At each home visit, indoor environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, and airborne particulate matter) were monitored and at each clinical visit, DED symptoms and signs were examined. After the first visit, all participants received a report of their home air quality and 10 recommendations to improve their home environment. At the 6-month visit, participants indicated which interventions they implemented.
resultsA total of 99 subjects participated in the clinical evaluation and home monitoring at baseline and six-month follow-up. Their mean age was 61 years, and 26% identified as Hispanic. Most had mild or greater DED symptoms (5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire, DEQ5 ≥ 6), with an average DEQ5 score of 10.49 ± 5.51 at baseline. In total, 77% (n = 76) implemented ≥1 intervention with home ventilation (42.4%), air conditioner filter change (36.4%), and exhaust fan use (31.3%) being the most frequent. Overall, with every intervention implemented, tear osmolarity (change from baseline to 6 months) declined by 2% (log-transformed β = 0.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.00-0.03;
conclusionsWhen provided with an objective report of home environmental conditions and remediation strategies, most participants voluntarily implemented low-cost home interventions, which reduced the severity of select DED symptoms and signs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.