ArticleInfection2025
Piperacillin/tazobactam versus carbapenems for 30-day mortality in patients with ESBL-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections: a retrospective, multicenter, non-inferiority, cohort study.
Article in Infection, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Time to Effective Antibiotic Therapy and Clinical Outcomes in Bloodstream Infections With ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Etiopathogenesis and Antibacterial Therapy Approach in Patients with Acute Obstructive Pyelonephritis-A Retrospective Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Piperacillin-tazobactam caused post-trauma patient's postoperative leukopenia, hypokalemia, and periodic fever: a case report.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAntimicrobial resistance increases with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Studies evaluating antibiotic stewardship are in high demand. Is piperacillin/tazobactam non-inferior to carbapenems regarding 30-day mortality among patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales?
methodsThis retrospective, multicenter, non-inferiority, cohort study assessed adult patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in southern Sweden from 2013 to 2022. Patients were categorized according to the first therapy they received two consecutive doses of (piperacillin/tazobactam or a carbapenem). The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality, measured from when the positive blood cultures were taken. The absolute risk difference for this outcome was calculated for all patients, and two propensity score matched cohorts (empirical and effective), with two different delta limits (5% and 2%). Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit admission, early clinical response, superinfections, relapsed infection and one-year mortality.
resultsA total of 644 patients were included. In the piperacillin/tazobactam group, 26/309 patients met the primary outcome, compared to 27/335 patients in the carbapenem group. The absolute risk difference (-0.4%) was statistically significant in the propensity score matched empirical cohort [1-sided 97.5% confidence interval]: -∞ to 4.0, p = 0.008). Piperacillin/tazobactam was non-inferior to carbapenems for all the secondary outcomes in the same cohort, except for the early clinical response.
conclusionOur findings indicate that piperacillin/tazobactam is non-inferior to carbapenems for treating extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections, with an acceptable 5% increase in 30-day mortality. We suggest that piperacillin/tazobactam should be used more frequently to decrease antimicrobial resistance.
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