ReviewBioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy2025
Understanding IgM Structure and Biology to Engineer New Antibody Therapeutics.
Review in BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Typhoid-Paratyphoid Conjugate Vaccine Against Diverse Salmonella Paratyphi A Isolates.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- IgM promotes antitumor immunity to a Tn-expressing solid tumor.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Detection of PPMV-1 antibodies in pigeons using a blocking ELISA based on an NP-specific monoclonal antibody.Poultry science · 2026Article
- pIgR Stem Zone-Targeted Nanobodies as Apical-to-Basolateral Carriers for Inhaled Biologic Delivery Across Mucosal Barriers.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Human cytomegalovirus control in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients in the letermovir era - emerging humoral and cellular players.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Survey of Porcine Circovirus Types 2 and 3 in Liaoning Region of China and Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against PCV3 Cap Protein.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Pre-clinical efficacy of a C4BP hexameric IgG Fc fusion protein against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.PloS one · 2026Article
- Antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates for spatial proteomics: principles, applications, and challenges.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
- Alpha-internexin as a brain-specific neurodegeneration marker: development and validation of a novel CSF assay.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Fifty years of monoclonals: the past, present and future of antibody therapeutics.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Article
- Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the gD Protein of Feline Herpesvirus Type-1 by mRNA Immunization.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the structural basis and functional immunodynamics of immunoglobulin M in host defense against fungal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Harnessing IgM for solid tumor therapy: biology, engineering advances, and translational challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies are an essential and conserved part of adaptive immunity. IgMs assemble into pentamers and hexamers that bind to antigens with high avidity. Pentamers incorporate a small protein called J-chain (JC) that is important for their transcytosis via the poly-immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). IgM antibodies can efficiently activate complement and interact with different Fc receptors (FcμR, Fcα/μR, pIgR) that trigger distinct effector functions and biodistribution. Even if these features have made the clinical use of IgM attractive over the past decades, there are currently no approved therapeutic IgMs on the market. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the knowledge of IgM biogenesis and structure and discuss the therapeutic opportunities of IgM over IgG arising from high avidity, target clustering, binding to distinct IgM receptors, complement activation, transcytosis, and protein engineering opportunities. In addition, we summarize possibilities and outstanding challenges in the production of therapeutic IgM, including available technologies for IgM purification. Finally, we review recent preclinical and clinical data showing that IgM outperforms IgG in various in vitro assays but still fails to pass through clinical trials successfully. Challenges remain for IgM development, such as the need for a better understanding of IgM biology to facilitate a smoother transition from the preclinic to successful clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.