Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40237446›Full record

ArticleAnnals of neurology2025

Cholinergic Degeneration and Cognitive Function in Early GBA1-Related Parkinson's Disease.

Sofie Slingerland, Sygrid van der Zee, Giulia Carli, Anne C Slomp, Emile d'Angremont, Jeffrey M Boertien, Teus van Laar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Associations of Monocyte Glucocerebrosidase with Cognition and Cholinergic Innervation in GBA1 Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sofie SlingerlandDepartment of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7443-4918
Sygrid van der ZeeDepartment of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-4244-369X
Giulia CarliDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-7216-2031
Anne C SlompDepartment of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-1685-3986
Emile d'AngremontDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-5468-8811
Jeffrey M BoertienDepartment of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9664-1771
Teus van LaarDepartment of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5088-480X

Funding

Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research MJFF-010551
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe phenotype of patients with Parkinson's disease carrying GBA1 variants (GBA-PD) suggest similarities to symptomatology associated with early cholinergic system degeneration. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the clinical features and the cholinergic innervation pattern in patients with early GBA-PD versus those without the GBA1 mutation (non-GBA-PD).

methodsA total of 46 GBA-PD and 104 non-GBA-PD subjects were included. Clinical assessments included motor and non-motor evaluation, as well as a comprehensive neuropsychological examination. Cholinergic system integrity was assessed using

resultsGBA-PD patients exhibited a higher burden of non-motor symptoms and lower cognitive performance on executive functions and attention. We observed a more pronounced cholinergic denervation in GBA-PD, compared to non-GBA-PD, primarily in the anterior, central, and limbic regions. However, the distribution of cholinergic loss and its association with attention and executive dysfunction was comparable between GBA-PD and non-GBA-PD. In addition, the clinical presentation and cholinergic binding differed significantly between sexes.

interpretationThese results suggest an important role of early cholinergic denervation in GBA-PD patients, which is related to more severe cognitive dysfunction. ANN NEUROL 2025;98:398-409.

Indexed as

Cholinergic NeuronsCognitionCognitive DysfunctionGlucosylceramidaseParkinson DiseaseAgedBrainFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMutationNeuropsychological TestsPositron-Emission TomographyGBA protein, humanGlucosylceramidase

Identifiers

PMID40237446
PMCPMC12278189

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.