Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40236813›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

Drug-free hyaluronic acid-microneedle with unexpected inhibition activity on benzalkonium chloride-induced corneal inflammation and stromal scarring.

Baoshan Huang, Rui Zeng, Xiao Liu, Lu Pan, Haitong Bai, Jiachen Liao, Wenkai Xu, Hong Fu, Kaihui Nan, Sen Lin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Baoshan HuangNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Rui ZengNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Xiao LiuNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Lu PanNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Haitong BaiNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Jiachen LiaoNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Wenkai XuNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Hong FuNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Kaihui NanNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
Sen LinNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Topical instilling of commercial artificial tears (cAT, containing 0.1 % hyaluronic acid) is widely employed to alleviate clinical manifestations of mild dry eye disease (DED) by preventing the pathological change of corneal epithelium. However, it showed limited therapy effectiveness on heavy DED which has further involved corneal stroma, due to its low stroma-available for hyaluronic acid (HA) resulting from the barrier of corneal epithelium. The present study developed a new microneedle-dosage form of cAT (cAT-MN). This cAT-MN can overstride the corneal epithelium and act as a long-lasting protective agent. Compared to cAT dosing (4 times/day), cAT-MN with one treatment exerted significantly higher therapeutic effects on curbing benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced corneal stroma scaring as well as alleviating the DED symptoms in the first 5-day BAC exposure; whereas, showed limited effects in a 10-day BAC exposure. To expand the therapy effects, MNs containing various amounts of HA were prepared. Thereinto, HA(6 %)-MN recovered corneal damage to healthy levels, which could be attributed to adding stroma-available for HA both by increasing the amounts of HA-delivery and enhancing HA-permeation. This study explores a new drug-free microneedle-dosage form of cAT to cure corneal stroma disorders which has expanded its indication, promising a wide clinical use in ophthalmology.

Indexed as

Artificial tearCorneal stromal scarringDry eye diseaseHyaluronic acidMicroneedle

Identifiers

PMID40236813
PMCPMC11997401

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.