Accessible services for deaf immigrants and refugees in the United States: Exploring the capacity of deaf-serving organizations.

In an era of climate change, war, economic crises and grave political and social challenges, migration and resettlement are increasing in unprecedented numbers. Deaf immigrants and refugees entering the United States resettle as a result of war, persecution, human rights violations or migrate as a result of economic necessity. Yet, deaf and disabled migrants face unique and often little understood barriers that mainstream refugee resettlement agencies may be less equipped to tackle. Deaf serving organizations and deaf refugee serving organizations are well positioned to fill in the gap in providing accessible services taking into account language deprivation, sign language of the countries of origin, educational considerations, mental health needs and deaf community support. Furthermore, such efforts to elevate the well-being of deaf refugees can foster resilience, empowerment and a sense of agency. This manuscript explores the capacity of key organizations serving deaf immigrants and refugees in the United States, including deaf refugee non-profits as well as deaf organizations that have specific programs for deaf refugees. Organizations include one that is founded, led by and staffed by deaf refugees, a model that highlights the benefit of leadership by those most impacted. Findings can benefit large scale immigrant and refugee non-profits targeted to specific immigrant demographics aiming to improve their services for deaf immigrants and refugees. Deaf immigrant and refugee-serving organizations are well-positioned to be advocates agitating for deaf and disability rights in the midst of accessibility hurdles in the immigration legal system, healthcare, housing and social service systems.