ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2025
Avian influenza overview December 2024-March 2025.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Infection of ratites with clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV H5N1: potential implications for zoonotic risk.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Counting cases, conserving species: addressing highly pathogenic avian influenza in wildlife.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Host Species Contribution to the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the 2024-2025 H5N1 Epidemic in Italy.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Mammary and respiratory infection of sheep with H5Nx clade 2.3.4.4b viruses with milk-mediated transmission to lambs.Science advances · 2026Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus and Mass Mortality in Eurasian Cranes, Germany, 2025.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Emergence of D1.1 reassortant H5N1 avian influenza viruses in North America.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- MF59-adjuvanted A/Astrakhan influenza vaccine induces cross-neutralizing H5N1 antibodies in ferrets against circulating clade 2.3.4.4b viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Serological Evidence of Flavivirus Exposure and Limited Avian Influenza Exposure in Urban House Martins from Southwestern Spain.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Host genetics, lung T-cell immunity, and laying activity determine the disease outcome in avian influenza virus-infected chickens.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Preventive Measures against Avian Influenza Infection in Humans in the Republic of Korea, 2024-2025.Public health weekly report · 2026Article
- Detection of Two High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (HPAIV) Subtypes, H5N1 and H5N5, in a Mass Mortality Event in Wild Seabirds and Co-Location With Dead Seals.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Emergence and Genetic Characteristics of H5N1, H5N6, and H5N3 Clade 2.3.4.4b High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Viruses in South Korea During the 2023-2024 and 2024-2025 Winter Seasons.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Editorial: Understanding pathogen spread in invasive vertebrate species.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/H5N1 Subclade 2.3.4.4b Isolated from a European Grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) Is Highly Virulent in Ferrets.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza: Tracking the Progression from IAV (H5N1) to IAV (H7N9) and Preparing for Emerging Challenges.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Avian influenza overview September-November 2025.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Detection of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in a sheep in Great Britain, 2025.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Spatial risk mapping of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Morocco using geographic information system and multi-criteria decision analysis: Implications for targeted surveillance and control.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Between 7 December 2024 and 7 March 2025, 743 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (239) and wild (504) birds across 31 countries in Europe. HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections were predominant and mainly located in central, western and south-eastern Europe. Most HPAI A(H5) virus detections in wild birds concerned waterfowl, particularly mute swans, barnacle geese and greylag geese. Limited secondary spread was observed among the poultry outbreaks, and outdoor poultry access remained an important risk factor at the interface between wild and domestic birds. HPAI A(H5N5) outbreaks occurred only in wild birds and were increasingly reported in waterfowl. For the first time since spring 2024, several HPAI virus detections were reported in domestic cats and wild carnivores in Europe. In the United States of America (USA), the number of dairy cattle farms reportedly affected rose to almost 1000 in 17 States, and a different HPAI A(H5N1) virus genotype (D1.1) was reported in this species. Between 12 December 2024 and 7 March 2025, 22 new cases of avian influenza virus infection in humans were reported in the USA (12 A(H5) cases), Cambodia (two A(H5N1) cases), United Kingdom (one A(H5N1) case), and China (six A(H9N2) cases and one A(H10N3) case). Most of the A(H5) human cases (93%,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.