Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40235715›Full record

ArticleToxicology reports2025

Zebrafish embryo-larval testing reveals differential toxicity of new psychoactive substances.

Leonardo Costalonga Rodrigues, Alexandre Barcia de Godoi, Viviane Cristina Fais, Randall Theodore Peterson, Claudia Vianna Maurer-Morelli, Jose Luiz Costa

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Toxicology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Exploring Cannabinoid Effects Using Zebrafish (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Leonardo Costalonga RodriguesSchool of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
Alexandre Barcia de GodoiSchool of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
Viviane Cristina FaisSchool of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
Randall Theodore PetersonDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Claudia Vianna Maurer-MorelliSchool of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-887, Brazil.
Jose Luiz CostaCampinas Poison Control Center, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-881, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

New psychoactive substances (NPS) have emerged as a significant public health concern, with synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) and ketamine derivatives being among the most frequently detected compounds in the forensic context worldwide. The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) and Maximum Tolerated Concentration (MTC) tests are used to evaluate the acute toxicity of chemicals. In this study, we used these assays to evaluate the acute toxicity of three NPS in zebrafish embryos and larvae: the SCRA MDMB-4en-PINACA and the ketamine derivatives deschloroketamine (DCK) and 2-fluorodeschloroketamine (2F-DCK). Our findings demonstrated that MDMB-4en-PINACA induced severe developmental abnormalities, including pericardial edema and yolk edema, along with high embryo mortality (10 µM), characterized by endpoints such as coagulation, lack of heartbeat, and lack of somite formation. In contrast, DCK and 2F-DCK exhibited low embryo mortality even at higher concentrations. In larval stages, MDMB-4en-PINACA presented 8 % larvae mortality (10 µM) at eight days post-fertilization (dpf), whereas ketamine derivatives led to 100 % mortality at 2000 µM in the MTC test at eight dpf. The LC

Indexed as

Fish embryo acute toxicityMaximum tolerated concentrationNew psychoactive substancesZebrafish

Identifiers

PMID40235715
PMCPMC11999215

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.