Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40235113›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Distinct patterns of cognitive traits in extreme old age and Alzheimer's disease.

Yoshinori Nishimoto, Takashi Sasaki, Yukiko Abe, Norikazu Hara, Akinori Miyashita, Mika Konishi, Yoko Eguchi, Daisuke Ito, Nobuyoshi Hirose, Masaru Mimura and 4 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Distinct patterns of cognitive traits in extreme old age and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Yoshinori NishimotoDepartment of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Takashi SasakiCenter for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Yukiko AbeCenter for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Norikazu HaraDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
Akinori MiyashitaDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
Mika KonishiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Yoko EguchiDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Daisuke ItoDepartment of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Nobuyoshi HiroseCenter for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Masaru MimuraCenter for Preventive Medicine, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Takeshi IkeuchiDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
Hideyuki OkanoCenter for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Yasumichi AraiCenter for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-1746-965X

Funding

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 16kk0205009h001Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 17jm0210051h0001Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 19dk0207045h0001Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development 23dk0207060Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP17pc0101006Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Research complex program JP15667051Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 15KT0009Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 18H03055Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 20K07792Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 20K20409Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 21K07281Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23H03337Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and TechnologyKeio University Global Research InstituteMinistry of Health, Welfare, and Labour for the Scientific Research Project for LongevityProgram for an Integrated Database of Clinical and Genomic Information and Eisai-Keio Innovation Laboratory for Dementia
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionClinical features of cognitive performance in extreme old age differ from those of pathological cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

methodsWe compared cognitive traits between 638 centenarians aged 100-115 years and 208 and 221 patients with AD from independent facilities.

resultsThe presence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele did not affect Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in centenarians. Centenarians retained the ability to follow three consecutive commands, associated with their educational background and activities of daily living. Cognitive retention remained unchanged in semi-supercentenarians (aged ≥ 105 years) and supercentenarians (aged ≥110 years). A quantitative genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified two loci associated with maintaining the ability to follow three consecutive commands. DISCUSSION: This is the first study to compare cognitive traits between >600 centenarians and patients with AD. Centenarians attained higher MMSE scores for the phenotype of following three consecutive commands than patients with AD, being useful in clinical practice. HIGHLIGHTS: Cognitive phenotypes in centenarians differ from those in the AD groups Clinical trait to follow consecutive instructions is retained in centenarians but not in AD groups GWAS identified SNPs related to the maintained trait of MMSE in centenarians.

Indexed as

AgingAlzheimer DiseaseCognitionActivities of Daily LivingAgedAged, 80 and overApolipoprotein E4FemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsNeuropsychological TestsApolipoprotein E4Alzheimer's diseasecentenarianscognitive agingMini‐Mental State Examinationquantitative genome‐wide association study

Identifiers

PMID40235113
PMCPMC12000243

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.