ArticleInternational journal of nursing practice2025
Integrating Nursing-Teleophthalmology Improves Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Primary Healthcare, Reducing Unnecessary Referrals to Specialist Healthcare.
Article in International journal of nursing practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- The immune-related plasma protein LAT2 as a protective modulator in diabetic retinopathy: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
aimThis work aimed to evaluate the use of teleophthalmology by a primary healthcare nursing team for the diagnosis and referral for diabetic retinopathy to specialized healthcare in relation to numbers referred for specialized healthcare.
methodsIn this quantitative, cross-sectional service evaluation study, participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus underwent a fundoscopy examination between February and June 2020. Using a portable retinal camera attached to a smartphone, nurses acquired fundus images that were stored on a cloud platform, enabling remote reading by a retinal specialist. The study was conducted at a primary healthcare urban centre on the outskirts of São Paulo, Brazil.
resultsThe study enrolled 779 participants, of whom 150 were identified as having diabetic retinopathy present; in another 434, evidence of diabetic retinopathy was absent, and 195 individuals (25%) were classified as having ungradable images. In total, 345 participants were referred for specialized appraisal, 150 of whom due to evidence of diabetic retinopathy and for another 195 participants owing to ungradable images. Thus, more than half of the imaged participants (56%) were not eligible for referral to specialist healthcare and remained treated in primary care.
conclusionsNursing-teleophthalmology integration reduced specialized healthcare referral numbers by more than half. This approach contributed to better triage with a more robust evaluation for diabetic retinopathy diagnostic suspicion, reducing unnecessary referral.
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