ArticleBiology direct2025
Colon cancer exosome-associated HSP90B1 initiates pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver by polarizing M1 macrophage into M2 phenotype.
Article in Biology direct, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ferroptosis and tumor microenvironment: orchestrating therapy resistance, immune evasion, and metastatic events.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Exosome-mediated organotropism in breast cancer metastasis: bridging the gap between molecular mechanisms and clinical application.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Review
- Review
- Origin dictates function: The dual roles of exosomes derived from diverse origins in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- The pre-metastatic niche: mechanisms, heterogeneity, and therapeutic opportunities.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Contribution of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles in the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche: lessons learned from past experimentations and future directions.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Review
- Organ-specific pre-metastatic and metastatic niches in colorectal cancer: "discrepancy in response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in liver and lung metastasis".Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in understanding exosome-mediated regulation of macrophage function.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Navigating the Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Liver Metastasis: Barriers to Therapy and Emerging Opportunities.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Exosomes as Pivotal Mediators of Tumor-Immune Communication: Implications for Immunotherapy and Liquid Biopsy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Orchestrating Tumor Metastasis: Exosomes as Master Regulators of the Local and Distant Microenvironment.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- The Acidic Exosomal miR-1246/WASF3 Axis Regulates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Stiff ECM Remodeling to Promote Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Liver Metastasis.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles cargo orchestration in colorectal cancer: immune evasion, stromal remodeling, and therapeutic frontiers.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Liver metastasis of colorectal cancer: Mechanism and clinical therapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2025Review
- Tumor-associated macrophages in colon cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, natural product interventions, and microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) frequently metastasizes to the liver, worsening patient outcomes. The formation of a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is essential for this process, but how the primary colon tumor orchestrates the PMN formation remains unclear.
methodsThis study investigated the role of CRC-derived exosomes using CT-26 murine colon carcinoma cells. The effects of these exosomes on immune cells, specifically M1 macrophage polarization and CD8 + T cell viability, were assessed. HSP90B1 expression in CT-26-derived exosomes was analyzed to understand its contribution to PMN formation. HSP90B1 silencing experiments were conducted to evaluate its impact on immunosuppressive PMN creation and liver metastasis. Patient blood samples were also examined to correlate exosomal HSP90B1 levels with CRC progression.
resultsExosomes from CT-26 cells were found to polarize M1 macrophages into an M2 phenotype and decrease CD8 + T cell viability, promoting liver metastasis. High expression of HSP90B1 in CT-26 cell-derived exosomes was identified as a key factor in inducing M2 macrophage polarization and creating an immunosuppressive PMN. Silencing HSP90B1 significantly inhibited the exosome-mediated formation of the immunosuppressive PMN and reduced liver metastasis. Furthermore, elevated levels of HSP90B1 in patient-derived exosomes were associated with advanced CRC and poorer prognosis.
conclusionsCRC-derived exosomes promote liver metastasis by forming an immunosuppressive PMN through HSP90B1. Targeting HSP90B1 in CRC exosomes may offer a new therapeutic strategy to prevent liver metastasis and improve patient outcomes.
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