ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2025
Disparity in anterior cruciate ligament injury management: a case series review across six National Health Service trusts.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Nationwide Epidemiology of Hospitalized Acute ACL Ruptures in Romania: A 7-Year Analysis (2017-2023).Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Traumatic knee injury healthcare pathways and outcomes: the Australian Knee Injury Inception Cohort Study (KIICS) protocol.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEffective management of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries requires a comprehensive approach, from initial assessment, through treatment, rehabilitation, and discharge, however no gold standard care pathway exists to help guide clinicians. This case series provides an overview of current ACL injury management processes in six National Health Service (NHS) Trusts.
methodsThis study utilised a retrospective case series design within six NHS Trusts in the Yorkshire region of the United Kingdom. Using a standard operating procedure, each Trust selected ten consecutive ACL injured patients (≥ 16 years), managed either surgically or non-surgically. Data relating to the patient injury journey, patient and injury characteristics, key pathway events, rehabilitation management, outcome measures, and discharge, were collected. Data was anonymised and analysed using descriptive statistics.
resultsReviews covered 55 patients, median age 25.5 years, (41 males, 14 females). Median time to specialist assessment from injury was 12 days (Interquartile Range [IQR] 6 to 20 days), with 43 patients managed operatively, and 12 non operatively. The median number of physiotherapy sessions was 21 (IQR 9 to 29.5), with outcome measures being variably used across Trusts. Trusts using patient reported outcome measures (PROMS) consistently with their patients provided more physiotherapy appointments (34.5 and 27) and achieved higher return to sport (RTS) rates. Time from injury to discharge varied with a median of 421 (IQR 249 to 546) days. Discharge criteria were applied inconsistently across Trusts, with 31% of cases not using specific criteria. However, Trusts using standardised discharge criteria showed better RTS outcomes, with 27 (61%) patients successfully returning to sport.
conclusionsThis case series review highlighted some good practice in initial ACL management across six NHS Trusts in the Yorkshire region. However, from time to MRI diagnosis to discharge, substantial variation in care is observed. Whether treated operatively or non-operatively, for patients aiming to RTS, this was achieved with greater consistency when more physiotherapy appointments were undertaken, outcome measures and PROMs were used, and specific discharge criteria was utilised. Future larger pathway investigation studies incorporating causative and predictive analysis studies on a national scale are required to determine whether similar trends are observed in a wider ACL injured population, which could help to improve national pathways for patients and clinicians working towards ensuring more positive and standardised patient-related ACL injury outcomes.
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