ArticleBMC public health2025
Perceived psychosocial safety climate (PSC) level and its association with occupational outcomes among clinical unit healthcare workers in a Malaysian hospital: a three-wave longitudinal study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perceived organizational support profiles and their moderating role in the association between emotional labor and work engagement among Chinese healthcare workers: a latent profile analysis.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Technostress, psychosocial safety climate, and worker well-being in automated manufacturing: A two-wave study.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC) is a potent organizational construct. It concerns senior management values and attitudes toward care and practices in relation to employees' psychosocial well-being and psychological outcomes.
objectiveThis study aimed to determine the PSC level, its distribution and associated factors as perceived by healthcare workers in clinical units of a tertiary level hospital in Malaysia.
methodsA three-wave longitudinal study over one year was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among healthcare workers in the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Malaysia. Data were collected at baseline (Time 1, T1), three-month interval (Time 2, T2) and nine-month interval (Time 3, T3) from 618 participants who remained enrolled throughout. The validated Malay version of the PSC-12 Scale questionnaire was used to measure psychosocial safety climate level.
resultsWe found the PSC score to have a median of 42.88. There was a good psychosocial work environment (mean PSC score 41.44 ±8.27). The majority (61.1%) of study participants perceived a high PSC score (≥ 41) which is concordant with a good psychosocial work environment. Low PSC score (≤ 37) was perceived by 28.5% and 9.0% perceived a moderate PSC score (38-40). PSC scores improved significantly from T1 to T3 (mean difference = 1.417, 95% CI 3.037, 5.456). A higher PSC score was reported among Malay healthcare workers compared to the non-Malay group (mean difference = 3.16, 95% CI 0.007, 6.315). Nurses and paramedics had lower PSC scores than support staff (mean difference = -2.50, 95% CI -4.310, -0.069). Despite a good perceived PSC level, our study did not reveal significant association between PSC level with sickness-leave (B = - 0.03, p = 0.624, 95% CI - 0.144, 0.087) and job performance (B = - 0.02, p = 0.443, 95% CI -0.090, 0.040), even after adjusting for other socio-demographic and occupational covariates.
conclusionPerceived PSC was high among participating healthcare workers with a progressively better PSC score at each timepoint over the one-year study. The support group of healthcare workers perceived better PSC scores possibly due to lesser responsibility compared to nurses and paramedics. An improved study design with additional variables to measure the job performance and work engagement is essential to provide vigorous evidence in future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.