Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40234522›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Impact of age, HIV1, sickle-cell genotypes, and interferon-gamma gene upstream variants on malaria disease outcomes in a longitudinal pediatric cohort.

Evans Raballah, Samuel B Anyona, Shamim W Osata, Sharley A Wasena, Clinton Onyango, Ivy Hurwitz, Qiuying Cheng, Philip D Seidenberg, Benjamin H McMahon, Collins Ouma and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Evans RaballahDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya.
Samuel B AnyonaGlobal Health Programs, University of New Mexico, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya.
Shamim W OsataGlobal Health Programs, University of New Mexico, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya.
Sharley A WasenaGlobal Health Programs, University of New Mexico, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya.
Clinton OnyangoGlobal Health Programs, University of New Mexico, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya.
Ivy HurwitzDepartment of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, 913 Camino de Salud, IDTC 3140, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
Qiuying ChengDepartment of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, 913 Camino de Salud, IDTC 3140, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
Philip D SeidenbergDepartment of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Benjamin H McMahonTheoretical Division, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA.
Collins OumaGlobal Health Programs, University of New Mexico, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya.
John M Ong'echaCenter for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Kristan A SchneiderDepartment of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, 913 Camino de Salud, IDTC 3140, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
Douglas J PerkinsGlobal Health Programs, University of New Mexico, Kisumu and Siaya, Kenya. dperkins@salud.unm.edu.

Funding

Partnership for Global Health Research Training Program (Renewal)-Supplement for OBSSR, NCI, NCI-AIDS and NIDCDD43TW010543 · FIC · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI Wafaie W Fawzi, DAVIDSON HOWES HAMER · 2017 to 2026
$12.1M
Harnessing the Malarial Immunity Omics Landscape in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children for Improved Therapeutic StrategiesR01AI130473 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI Samuel Bonuke Anyona, Douglas Jay Perkins · 2018 to 2026
$5.6M
TRAINING AND RESEARCH ON SEVERE MALARIAL ANEMIAD43TW005884 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI Collins Ouma, Douglas Jay Perkins · 2002 to 2026
$5.2M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW005884FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010543NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI130473NIH HHS R01 AI130473-01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This prospective cohort study explored the association between two upstream IFN-γ variants (rs2069709: G > T and rs2069705: A > G) and hazard factors for malaria outcomes in a longitudinal cohort of children (n = 941, 3-36 mos.), followed for three years. The impact of age, sex, previous malaria exposure, HIV1 infection, and sickle-cell genotypes (HbAA, HbAS, and HbSS) was also investigated. Reduced malaria episodes were associated with older age at enrollment [HR = 0.957 (95% CI = 0.953-0.961) per month, P < 2.2e-16], HIV1 infection [0.687 (0.545-0.866), P = 0.001], being female [0.910 (0.859-0.964), P = 0.040], and HbAS [0.823 (0.754-0.898), P = 0.005]. The GA/TA diplotype [0.376 (0.230-0.614), P = 0.002] also reduced the hazard of malaria, while TA haplotype increased susceptibility [1.749 (1.159-2.640), P = 0.029]. Factors protecting against the development of SMA [Hemoglobin (Hb < 6.0 g/dL)] included older age [0.927 (0.913-0.942) per month, P < 2.2e-16], previous malaria episodes [0.576 (0.542-0.614, P = 9.5e-32)], HbAS [0.553 (0.400-0.766), P = 0.015]. The rs2069705AG genotype increased the hazard of SMA [1.697 (1.002-2.875), P = 0.042]. Reduced hazard of mortality was observed for older children [0.898 (0.857-0.941), P < 2.2e-16], while a higher hazard was present in HIV-infected children [12.475 (6.380-24.392), P < 2.2e-16], and in those with HbSS [6.341 (1.944-20.686), P = 0.007]. The GG haplotype increased the mortality hazard [1.817 (0.936-3.527), P = 0.078]. The results here highlight critical factors influencing the hazard of malaria, SMA, and mortality.

Indexed as

Anemia, Sickle CellHIV-1HIV InfectionsInterferon-gammaMalariaAge FactorsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenotypeHumansInfantLongitudinal StudiesMalePolymorphism, Single NucleotideInterferon-gammaHIV1Interferon gammaMalariaSevere malarial anemiaSickle-cell anemia

Identifiers

PMID40234522
PMCPMC12000329

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.