Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40234435›Full record

ArticleNPJ vaccines2025

Risk analysis for outpatient experimental infection as a pathway for affordable RSV vaccine development.

E Z Siegal, J M H Schoevers, J Terstappen, E M Delemarre, S L Johnston, L F van Beek, D Bogaert, C Chiu, D A Diavatopoulos, D M Ferreira and 16 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

E Z SiegalDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J M H SchoeversDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
J TerstappenDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-0138
E M DelemarreDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
S L JohnstonVirtus Respiratory Research Ltd, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3009-9200
L F van BeekLaboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
D BogaertDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2651-7000
C ChiuVirtus Respiratory Research Ltd, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-920X
D A DiavatopoulosLaboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-7807
D M FerreiraOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, The NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
S B GordonDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
F G HaydenDivision of infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-0375
M I de JongeLaboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-5895
M B B McCallRadboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud university medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
H I McShaneOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, The NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-5142
A M MinassianOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, The NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
P J M OpenshawNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-2555
A J PollardOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, The NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7361-719X
J SattabongkotMahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-4588
R C ReadFaculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4297-6728
A TroelstraMedical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
M C ViveenDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
A Wilder-SmithHeidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
M van WijkDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
L J BontDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3099-4475
N I MazurDepartment of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. n.i.mazur@umcutrecht.nl.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Controlled human infection models (CHIMs) are an important tool for accelerating clinical development of vaccines. CHIM costs are driven by quarantine facilities but may be reduced by performing CHIM in the outpatient setting. Furthermore, outpatient CHIMs offer benefits beyond costs, such as a participant-friendly approach and increased real-world aspect. We analyze safety, logistic and ethical risks of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) CHIM in the outpatient setting. A review of the literature identified outpatient CHIMs involving respiratory pathogens. RSV transmission risk was assessed using data from our inpatient and outpatient RSV CHIMs (EudraCT 020-004137-21). Fifty-nine outpatient CHIMs using RSV, Streptococcus pneumoniae, rhinovirus, and an ongoing Bordetella Pertussis outpatient CHIM were included. One transmission event was recorded. In an inpatient RSV CHIM, standard droplet and isolation measures were sufficient to limit RSV transmission and no symptomatic third-party transmission was measured in the first outpatient RSV CHIM. Logistic and ethical advantages support outpatient CHIM adoption. We propose a framework for outpatient RSV CHIM with risk mitigation strategies to enhance affordable vaccine development.

Identifiers

PMID40234435
PMCPMC12000360

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.