ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2026
Early life trauma patterns and adult epigenome-wide and NR3C1-specific DNA methylation in the Sister Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Patterns of co-occurring early life trauma (ELT), unlike cumulative trauma, are understudied as potential stress-related health risks. DNA methylation (DNAm) is a posited mechanism linking socioenvironmental stress and disease pathogenesis. We assess whether ELT patterns differentially affect adult DNAm, both epigenome-wide and specifically stress-related genes (eg, glucocorticoid receptor gene, NR3C1). Data represent a case-cohort of non-Hispanic white participants (N = 2566) from the Sister Study, a cohort of US women (ages: 35-74; enrollment: 2003-2009; N = 50 884). Early life trauma measures included a count score and 4 latent ELT classes: low ELT (referent); sexual and emotional; high betrayal; and high ELT. We evaluated epigenome-wide DNAm, differentially methylated regions (DMRs), pathway enrichment, and NR3C1-specific methylation from whole blood. Twenty-two differentially methylated Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) sites were associated with ELT classes and none with ELT score. Furthermore, 108 DMRs were associated with ELT score (n = 5) and ELT classes: sexual and emotional (n = 7), high betrayal (n = 37), and high ELT (n = 61). Cardiovascular signaling and leptin signaling pathways were both associated with high betrayal and high ELT classes. In NR3C1-specific analyses, 11 CpGs were associated with ELT score (n = 3) and specific ELT classes (n = 9). Results suggest that specific patterns of co-occurring trauma may contribute to meaningful variability in peripheral blood DNAm in adulthood.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.