Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40232773›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025

Data Interoperability in Context: The Importance of Open-Source Implementations When Choosing Open Standards.

Daniel Kapitan, Femke Heddema, André Dekker, Melle Sieswerda, Bart-Jan Verhoeff, Matt Berg

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. The FemTech revolution: Unlocking the potential of new technology for optimizing pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries and remote areas.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Daniel KapitanEindhoven AI Systems Institute (EAISI), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8979-9194
Femke HeddemaPharmAccess Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4240-9786
André DekkerMAASTRO Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-7996
Melle SieswerdaNetherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2025-0771
Bart-Jan VerhoeffExpertisecentrum Zorgalgoritmen, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3292-2424
Matt BergOna, Burlington, VT, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3041-5709

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Following the proposal by Tsafnat et al (2024) to converge on three open health data standards, this viewpoint offers a critical reflection on their proposed alignment of openEHR, Fast Health Interoperability Resources (FHIR), and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) as default data standards for clinical care and administration, data exchange, and longitudinal analysis, respectively. We argue that open standards are a necessary but not sufficient condition to achieve health data interoperability. The ecosystem of open-source software needs to be considered when choosing an appropriate standard for a given context. We discuss two specific contexts, namely standardization of (1) health data for federated learning, and (2) health data sharing in low- and middle-income countries. Specific design principles, practical considerations, and implementation choices for these two contexts are described, based on ongoing work in both areas. In the case of federated learning, we observe convergence toward OMOP and FHIR, where the two standards can effectively be used side-by-side given the availability of mediators between the two. In the case of health information exchanges in low and middle-income countries, we see a strong convergence toward FHIR as the primary standard. We propose practical guidelines for context-specific adaptation of open health data standards.

Indexed as

Health Information InteroperabilityHumansSoftwareclinical caredata exchangedata interoperabilitydata sharingdeveloping countriesdeveloping nationsdigital platformFast Health Interoperability ResourcesFHIRhealth care informaticshealth information exchangeinformation standardsLMIClongitudinal analysislow and middle-income countrieslow incomemiddle-incomeObservational Medical Outcomes PartnershipOMOPopenEHRopen source implementationsopen standardssecondary use

Identifiers

PMID40232773
PMCPMC12041819

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.