ArticleJournal of athletic training2025
Injury Incidences related to Acute-to-Chronic Workload Ratios in Taekwondo: A Prospective Study with a 3-Year Follow-Up.
Article in Journal of athletic training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanical Efficiency and Injury Risk in Leg Kicks Across Combat Sports: A Narrative Review of Stance, Hip Rotation, and Striking Surface Effects.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The relationship between training load and injury risk in taekwondo: a systematic review.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
contextAlthough the relationship between workload and injury incidence has recently gained attention, data on the acute-to-chronic workload ratio (ACWR) and injury incidence in Taekwondo remain unavailable.
objectiveTo report the injury incidence related to the categorized ACWR, calculated using the rolling average (RA) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) methods, for musculoskeletal injuries in Taekwondo.
designDescriptive epidemiologic study.
settingData were prospectively collected through Taekwondo training facilities and competition venues. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsA total of 110 collegiate Taekwondo players (58 females; 54 males) were studied over three consecutive seasons in 2020, 2021, and 2022. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES(S): The traumatic and gradual onset of musculoskeletal injury (rate, body location, type, mechanism, and severity) and workloads (duration of training and competitions) were recorded. ACWRs for each injury were calculated using the RA and EWMA and categorized as either high (> 1.5), relatively high (1.3 - 1.5), moderate (0.8 - 1.3), or low (<0.8).
resultsOf the 841 injuries (training: 16 per 1,000 hours; competition: 548 per 1,000 hours), the ankle (n=86/501, 17% in traumatic) and thigh (n=106/340, 31% in gradual onset) were the most predominantly injured body locations. Contusion (n=201/501, 40% in traumatic) and muscle cramps/spasm (n=201/501, 75% in gradual onset) were the most frequent injury types. Although the most predominant mechanism was overuse (n=331/841, 40%), 32% of the injuries (n=230/721) took > 28 days to recover from injury. The greatest number of traumatic (RA: n=224/501, 45%; EWMA: n=259/501; 52%) and gradual onset (RA: n=118/340, 35%; EWMA: n=165/340; 49%) injuries were recorded under the moderate ACWR.
conclusionsThe moderate ACWR range (0.8 - 1.3), which was considered as the "sweet spot" in team sports, was calculated to be the "danger zone" in Taekwondo. The high injury risk related workload could be used for planning training schedules.
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