ArticleCureus2025
Impact of Economic Factor, Percent Vaccination, Healthcare Quality, and Population Density on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Mortality Rates: A Global Analysis in 2023.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of COVAC-2, a Sepivac SWE™ adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine in previously vaccinated healthy adults; a randomized controlled multicentre trial.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Trial
- Socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 vaccination and mortality: a cross-national path analysis.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Activity-Based Costing of COVID-19 RT-PCR Testing in Public Laboratories in Indonesia: Evidence for Tariff Setting.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global health crisis in late 2019, triggering unprecedented government actions worldwide. COVID-19 mortality varied based on many factors, with this study focusing on socioeconomic status and healthcare quality across 95 countries. Countries were classified by gross national income (GNI) per capita into high-income (HI), upper-middle-income (UMI), lower-middle-income (LMI), and low-income (LI) countries. Data were collected from databases in 2023, including gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, percent vaccination, infant mortality rate (IMR), and population density. The findings revealed that HI and UMI countries experienced significantly higher mortality rates compared to LMI and LI groups. Economic status, measured by GDP per capita, demonstrated a strong negative correlation with mortality in HI countries (Spearman's
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.