Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40230366›Full record

ArticleResuscitation plus2025

Use of personal protective equipment and cognitive load during cardiopulmonary resuscitation - A randomized cross-over simulation-based study.

Johannes Heymer, Daniel Räpple, Matthias Ott, Florian Dengler, Christina Jaki, Daniel Bent, Anna Hegar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Resuscitation plus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Johannes HeymerDepartment of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
Daniel RäppleDepartment of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
Matthias OttDepartment of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
Florian DenglerDepartment of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine, and Pain Management, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
Christina JakiSimulation Center STUPS, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
Daniel BentDepartment of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.
Anna HegarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Stuttgart, Kriegsbergstraße 60, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to prevent disease transmission, but its impact on rescuer fatigue and CPR quality remains debated. Aim: To simultaneously evaluate the effect of PPE on cognitive load and resuscitation quality. Methods: In a simulation-based trial at a German tertiary care hospital, 31 healthcare workers performed two 2-minute chest compression (CC) cycles on a manikin, once with PPE and once without. Compression quality (rate, depth, hand position, chest recoil) was assessed. Cognitive load was measured post-task using NASA- and Simulation Task Load Index (NASA- and SIM-TLX). Primary outcome was the difference in cognitive load with and without PPE, and secondary outcomes included differences in CC quality parameters. Results: SIM-TLX identified a significant impact of PPE on task complexity and perceptual strain, while situational stress, distractions, task control, and NASA-TLX parameters (mental, physical, temporal demand, frustration, effort, performance) showed no significant differences. No significant differences were found in compression rate (113 bpm without PPE vs. 109 bpm with PPE), depth (61 mm without vs. 62 mm with PPE), correct hand position (81% without vs. 78% with PPE), and complete chest recoil (94% without vs. 84% with PPE). However not significant, PPE use showed more negative outliers in hand position and chest recoil. Conclusion: PPE increases values on two subscales of the SIM-TLX (task complexity and perceptual strain), but does not significantly impact chest compression quality in CPR simulations.

Indexed as

Cognitive loadFatigueHuman factorsNon-technical skillsPPESIM-TLXSimulation training

Identifiers

PMID40230366
PMCPMC11994336

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.