Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40229903›Full record

ReviewJournal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care2025

Protein C in adult patients with sepsis: from pathophysiology to monitoring and supplementation.

Irene Coloretti, Antonio Corcione, Gennaro De Pascale, Abele Donati, Francesco Forfori, Marco Marietta, Mauro Panigada, Paolo Simioni, Carlo Tascini, Pierluigi Viale and 1 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Update on sepsis treatment.Journal of intensive care · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Irene ColorettiAnaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. irene.coloretti@gmail.com.
Antonio CorcioneDepartment of Critical Care, AORN Ospedali Dei Colli, Naples, Italy.
Gennaro De PascaleDipartimento Di Scienze Biotecnologiche Di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche E Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Abele DonatiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
Francesco ForforiDipartimento Di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare Ed Area Critica, Università Di Pisa. AOUP, Pisa, Italy.
Marco MariettaDepartment of Hematology-Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Di Modena, Modena, Italy.
Mauro PanigadaDepartment of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Paolo SimioniClinica Medica 1, Azienda Ospedale Università Di Padova, Padua, Italy.
Carlo TasciniDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Pierluigi VialeDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
Massimo GirardisAnaesthesiology and Intensive Care Department, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Protein C (PC) plays a crucial role in modulating inflammation and coagulation in sepsis. Its anticoagulant and cytoprotective properties are critical in mitigating sepsis-induced coagulopathy, which is associated with high mortality rates. In sepsis, low levels of PC are associated with an elevated risk of multiple organ dysfunction and increased mortality. Routine monitoring of PC levels is not widely implemented but appears relevant in selected populations, such as patients with purpura fulminans, sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) or hyperinflammatory septic shock phenotypes. Treatment with PC has been limited to PC concentrate approved for paediatric use in congenital PC deficiencies and purpura fulminans, while the efficacy of PC supplementation in sepsis remains a subject of debate. Considering the physiological significance of PC and its role in sepsis pathophysiology, additional studies are necessary to fully elucidate its therapeutic efficacy in specific clinical settings.

Indexed as

Activated protein CDisseminated intravascular coagulationSepsisSeptic shockThrombosis

Identifiers

PMID40229903
PMCPMC11998338

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.