Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40229670›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2025

Factors associated with cognitive function outcomes among older adults in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study.

Thurayya Albuloshi, Ahmed M Kamel, Ahmad R Alsaber, Balqees Alawadhi, Jiazhu Pan, Wafaa Mostafa Abd-El-Gawad, Manal Bouhaimed, Jeremy P E Spencer

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Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Thurayya AlbuloshiPalliative Care Center, Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Al Sabah Medical Area, P.O. Box 5, Kuwait City, 13001, Kuwait.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4609-3623
Ahmed M KamelDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-5998
Ahmad R AlsaberDepartment of Management, College of Business and Economics, American University of Kuwait, 15 Salem Al Mubarak St, Salmiya, Kuwait. aalsaber@auk.edu.kw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9478-0404
Balqees AlawadhiFaculty of Health Sciences, The Public Authority for Applied Education Training, Shuwaikh Industrial, Kuwait.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4950-0930
Jiazhu PanDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Strathclyde, 26 Richmond, Glasgow, G1 1XH, UK. jiazhu.pan@strath.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7346-2052
Wafaa Mostafa Abd-El-GawadPalliative Care Center, Kuwait, Ministry of Health, Al Sabah Medical Area, P.O. Box 5, Kuwait City, 13001, Kuwait.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7790-6917
Manal BouhaimedDepartment of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-2646
Jeremy P E SpencerHugh Sinclair, Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-7274

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe number of people living with dementia and/or cognitive impairment worldwide is rising with a negative effect on quality of life for many older adults. This study aims to examine the factors associated with cognitive function among older adults in Kuwait.

methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited 253 older adults ≥ 60 years from a Geriatric outpatient unit in Kuwait. Cognitive function (dependent variable) was assessed using the Arabic version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with scores < 24 indicative of cognitive impairment. Biochemical, nutritional, clinical, lifestyle, anthropometric, and sociodemographic independent variables were included.

resultsA normal MMSE score was reported for 51.0% (n = 129) of the sample, with 34.7% and 14.2% of participants having mild and moderate/severe cognitive impairment, respectively. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis indicated that Type 2 diabetes was associated with more than double the odds of cognitive impairment (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.19-3.94; P = 0.01). Each additional level of education was associated with a lower likelihood of cognitive impairment (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.26-0.43; P < 0.001).

conclusionThis study identifies key risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in older Kuwaiti adults. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to mitigate cognitive decline in aging populations and provide context-specific data to support policy decisions.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionMental Status and Dementia TestsAgedAged, 80 and overCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Educational StatusFemaleGeriatric AssessmentHumansKuwaitLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedOdds RatioAgingCognitive impairmentHypertensionKuwaitOlder adultsType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID40229670
PMCPMC11995643

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.