ArticleScientific reports2025
Assessment of air pollution and mortality in Portugal using AirQ+ and the effects of COVID-19 on their relationship.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Air Pollution, Temperature, and Demographic Vulnerability as Determinants of Cause-Specific Mortality in Portugal.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Estimated mortality attributable to ambient PMScientific reports · 2026Article
- Coarse particulate matter air pollution in Porto Metropolitan area, Portugal: time series analysis, trends and implications for public policies.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study uses the World Health Organization's AirQ+ model to assess the relationship between air pollution and mortality in Portugal from 2010 to 2021, focusing on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. By integrating AirQ+ with Linear Mixed Models, we analyzed long-term air pollution data and its health effects. Results indicate a significant decrease in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] concentrations in 2020 and 2021 due to COVID-19 restrictions and reduced transportation emissions. Conversely, [Formula: see text] exposure slightly increased. The model estimates over 5000 annual deaths from [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] exposure and over 139 annual deaths from [Formula: see text]-related respiratory diseases for 2010-2021. Despite limitations like the need for better assessment of pollutant mixtures and climatic variables, the study shows a decrease in [Formula: see text]-related disease burden during the pandemic. These trends reflect anomalies in mortality and pollution data rather than policy improvements. The study underscores the utility of AirQ+ in guiding public health strategies and tracking progress toward the 2030 Agenda, offering insights into reducing mortality and morbidity through decreased air pollutant exposure and highlighting the need for sustained, multidimensional pollution reduction efforts.
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Registered trials
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