ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2025
Trends in Utilization of Glucose- and Weight-Lowering Medications After Tirzepatide Approval in the United States : A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shifts in Incident Glucose Lowering Drug Initiation in Type 2 Diabetes From 2014 to 2024: A Population-Based Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Real-world prescribing patterns and early weight and blood pressure outcomes of GLP-1-based therapies: a retrospective observational study in the United Arab Emirates.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Observational
- Starvation ketoacidosis associated with tirzepatide use for weight loss in a non-diabetic East Asian woman: a case report.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- The long-term effectiveness of the anti-obesity medication phentermine (LEAP) trial: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- Patient characteristics and early experiences with anti-obesity medications: the CAMP study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular outcomes of semaglutide and tirzepatide for patients with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Evolving trends of antidiabetic agents stratified by age, kidney function and body mass index: Insights from a nationwide claims database.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Impact of Fibrotic Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis as a New Indication on Semaglutide Eligibility in the US Adult Population.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Engineered GLP-1R-targeting nanoplatforms: multimodal therapeutics in human diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Detecting Hyperglycemia Using Biomarkers Versus Continuous Glucose Monitoring.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Obesity Medication Treatment Perspectives Among People with Overweight or Obesity.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent trends in use of tirzepatide, a dual glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor agonist (RA), versus other glucose-lowering medications (GLMs) and weight-lowering medications (WLMs) remain unexplored.
objectiveTo describe trends in insurance claims for GLMs and WLMs after tirzepatide approval.
designPopulation-based cohort study.
settingClaims data from a large U.S. commercial database (January 2021 to December 2023).
participantsAdults (aged ≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and without diabetes with dispensations for GLMs and WLMs. Any use was defined as medication dispensation regardless of prior use. Incident use was defined as dispensation without use in the preceding year. MEASUREMENTS: Monthly trends in medication dispensations before and after tirzepatide market entry. Tirzepatide uptake was additionally compared with initial postapproval uptake of other GLMs and WLMs.
resultsTirzepatide dispensations increased markedly among adults with T2D prescribed GLMs, reaching 12.3% of all GLM dispensations by December 2023. Similar patterns were observed for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (14.5% to 24.4%) and GLP-1 RAs (19.5% to 28.5%). Dispensations of other GLMs, including metformin, declined. Among adults without diabetes but prescribed WLMs, tirzepatide (0.0% to 40.6%) and semaglutide (2.4 mg) (0.0% to 32.2%) dispensations increased sharply, but semaglutide (2.0 mg) was the most frequently dispensed WLM, increasing from 37.8% to 45.7%. Dispensations of other WLMs declined. Similar trends were observed among incident users. Tirzepatide uptake was more rapid and sustained compared with initial postapproval periods for other medications. LIMITATION: Generalizability to U.S. adults without commercial health insurance is uncertain.
conclusionThese findings highlight the sharp uptake of tirzepatide after U.S. market entry and enhance understanding of the rapidly shifting landscape of prescribing patterns for GLMs and WLMs. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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