ArticleMedicine2025
Multi-modal management of dental fluorosis in a family: A case series.
Article in Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleThis case series addresses the management of dental fluorosis, a condition caused by excessive fluoride intake during tooth development. The 3 patients in this report, all from the same family, exhibited varying degrees of dental fluorosis, impacting both aesthetics and function. Treatments ranged from conservative approaches like bleaching and macro-abrasion to more extensive restorative options like veneers and crowns, aiming to improve dental appearance and oral health. PATIENT CONCERNS: All 3 patients were concerned with the discoloration and aesthetic issues caused by dental fluorosis. Each expressed a desire to improve their smile and address any functional impacts on their teeth. DIAGNOSES: The patients were diagnosed with dental fluorosis of varying severity. Diagnosis was made based on clinical examination, history of fluoride intake, and radiographs. The condition was classified using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index, which assesses the extent of fluorosis based on enamel opacity, pitting, and discoloration.
interventionsCase 1 (moderate fluorosis): The patient underwent home bleaching, composite restorations, and the application of laminate veneers after gingivectomy. Case 2 (moderate-to-severe fluorosis): The patient had several teeth extracted due to failed endodontic treatment, followed by the placement of lithium disilicate crowns and a zirconia bridge. Case 3 (mild fluorosis): This patient received in-office and at-home bleaching, followed by macro-abrasion and resin infiltration to improve the appearance of white spots. OUTCOMES: Each treatment successfully addressed the functional and aesthetic concerns of the patients. The use of bleaching, veneers, crowns, and resin infiltration significantly improved their smiles. All patients reported satisfaction with the results, achieving a more natural tooth appearance and improved confidence in their dental health. LESSONS: This case series highlights the importance of a multi-modal, individualized approach to managing dental fluorosis. By tailoring treatment to the severity of the condition, aesthetic and functional improvements were consistently achieved across different fluorosis severities. Dental fluorosis management should prioritize minimally invasive options while maintaining a focus on long-term aesthetic and functional restoration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.