Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40228144›Full record

ArticleBiomacromolecules2025

Trehalose-Releasing Nanogels: Study on Trehalose Release and Insights into Selected Biologically Relevant Aspects.

Ali Maruf, Małgorzata Milewska, Katarzyna Dudzisz, Anna Lalik, Sebastian Student, Anna Salvati, Ilona Wandzik

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomacromolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ali MarufDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100 Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3807-4446
Małgorzata MilewskaDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100 Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8395-7582
Katarzyna DudziszDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100 Poland.
Anna LalikBiotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland.
Sebastian StudentBiotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, Gliwice 44-100, Poland.
Anna SalvatiDepartment of Nanomedicine & Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713AV, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-9339-0161
Ilona WandzikDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, Gliwice, 44-100 Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6592-4875

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trehalose has sparked considerable interest in a variety of pharmaceutical applications as well as in cryopreservation. Recently, there have been growing efforts in the development of trehalose delivery nanocarriers to address the issue of the poor bioavailability of trehalose. The majority of the strategies comprise physical entrapment of trehalose, since its covalent, yet biolabile, conjugation is challenging. Here, we present research on trehalose-releasing nanogels, in which covalent, yet biolabile, conjugation of trehalose was achieved through the co-incorporation of trehalose (meth)acrylate(s) together with hydrophilic primary/secondary acrylamides in one polymeric network. In this case, the primary and secondary amide groups participated in ester hydrolysis in the (meth)acrylate units, making the hydrolysis feasible under physiologically relevant conditions. A set of nanogels with precisely selected compositions were synthesized, characterized, and then studied to evaluate the influence of various structural and environmental factors on the release rate of trehalose. The study also provides insights into some other aspects that are important in view of potential biomedical applications, including specific interactions of nanogels through their terminal α-d-glucopyranosyl moieties from pendant trehalose, protein corona formation, and cellular uptake.

Indexed as

Drug CarriersPolyethylene GlycolsPolyethyleneimineTrehaloseHumansNanogelsDrug CarriersNanogelspolyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogelPolyethylene GlycolsPolyethyleneimineTrehalose

Identifiers

PMID40228144
PMCPMC12076505

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.