ArticleAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Six Ginsenosides and Rg1 Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Metabolites to Alleviate Colitis.
Article in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates experimental periodontitis via modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and TLR2 expression.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Therapeutic potential of ginseng and its bioactive compounds in inflammatory bowel disease: current evidence and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nutraceuticals, Social Interaction, and Psychophysiological Influence on Pet Health and Well-Being: Focus on Dogs and Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In ginseng, several ginsenosides have been demonstrated to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, especially the six ginsenosides in this study. However, which ginsenoside has the most potent anti-inflammatory effect and may be selected as a promising candidate for the treatment of colitis remains unclear. A cell inflammation model was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 12 h and mouse colitis was induced by sterile water containing DSS lasting seven days. Cytokines associated with inflammation, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in macrophage polarization were tested by flow cytometry, and analysis of intestinal metabolites by LC-MS/MS was performed. The results in this study displayed that among the six ginsenosides, Rf, Rg1, and Rg3 were the most effective in reducing LPS-induced inflammation in cells. Compared with Rg3 and Rf, Rg1 was superior in restoring body weight and the length of colon, decreasing the disease activity index (DAI), and reducing splenomegaly and colon inflammation. Meanwhile, Rg1 significantly decreased the expression of M1-related pro-inflammation cytokines and increased the expression of M2-related anti-inflammation cytokines. Rg1 also decreased CD86
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Registered trials
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